Research & Theory
What is the “silent period” and why is it important?
The 'silent period' is when new ELLs may not speak but are actively listening and acquiring
language. It’s important because it shows they are internalizing English before producing it.
Which standards include requirements for speaking and listening? (Hint: CCSS)
The Common Core State Standards (CCSS) include requirements for speaking and listening.
Name one classroom activity that develops listening comprehension
Listening centers, read-alouds, and comprehension tasks help develop listening skills.
What are sentence frames, and how do they support speaking?
Sentence frames give ELLs a structure for academic responses (e.g., 'I agree with ___ because…').
What is the most effective way to assess oral proficiency?
The best way is to talk with students and listen to them in different contexts.
What does research say about the role of teacher talk in supporting ELLs?
Teacher talk supports ELLs when it is clear, scaffolded, and provides models of academic language.
Name one College & Career Readiness Anchor Standard for Speaking & Listening.
Example: 'Prepare for and participate effectively in a range of conversations and collaborations with diverse partners.'
Why is wait time after asking a question important for ELLs?
Wait time allows ELLs to process the question and formulate a response in English.
Give one example of an oral language practice activity
Role play, chants, songs, interactive games, and acting out stories build oral practice.
Name one informal setting where teachers should “eavesdrop” to assess oral language
Playground, hallways, or lunch—informal settings reveal authentic oral language use.
What are “productive talk moves,” and how do they benefit ELLs?
Productive talk moves are teacher prompts like 'Can you say more?' or 'Do you agree?' that help ELLs extend and deepen oral responses.
True/False: CCSS listening and speaking standards were designed with ELLs in mind.
False. CCSS standards were designed for proficient English speakers, not specifically for ELLs.
How can TPR (Total Physical Response) support listening?
TPR helps listening because students connect language with actions, reinforcing comprehension.
How do cooperative learning structures help ELLs practice speaking?
Cooperative learning ensures ELLs interact with peers, promoting authentic speaking opportunities.
What is SOLOM-R, and how is it used?
SOLOM-R (Student Oral Language Observation Matrix – Revised) is a rubric for rating oral proficiency.
What does research recommend about correcting student speech errors?
Research suggests teachers should not overcorrect speech errors; instead, model correct usage in meaningful contexts.
How do new technologies (digital media, audio, video) connect to oral language standards?
New technologies require students to communicate using multimedia, audio, and video, linking oral language to digital literacy.
Give an example of a listening comprehension task that integrates visuals.
Example: Using a picture or diagram to support listening comprehension questions.
Why is vocabulary development key for oral communication?
Vocabulary is key because ELLs need words to express ideas; without it, communication is limited.
What is one one-on-one assessment activity?
Wordless picture books, retelling stories, or describing a scene help assess oral language.
According to the National Literacy Panel and National Academies reports, why is oral language development critical for literacy?
Oral language is foundational for literacy because it builds vocabulary, comprehension, and communication skills essential for reading and writing development.
What’s the difference between CCSS oral language standards and ELP standards for listening/speaking?
CCSS oral language standards are general expectations for all students, while ELP standards are specifically designed for ELLs at varying proficiency levels.
Why should teachers use both structured and informal listening opportunities?
Teachers need both structured lessons and informal opportunities to assess authentic language use.
How can multimedia tools (VoiceThread, podcasts, Flipgrid) motivate speaking?
Multimedia tools like VoiceThread or Flipgrid give students authentic audiences, motivating effort and participation.
Why should teachers use multiple measures to assess oral language proficiency?
Multiple measures are needed to capture fluency, comprehension, vocabulary, and communication in different contexts.