Topic 1 & 2
Who was the creator of the Celsius scale and what substance did they base it off of?
Anders Celsius based his Celsius scale off of pure water.
Give an example of the fourth state of mater.
The sun is an example of the fourth state of matter.
What are the 4 ideas of the Particle Model of Matter?
1. All substances are made of tiny particles.
2. The particles are always in motion
3.The particles have spaces between them.
4. Adding heat to the particles makes them faster.
Give one example of both an insulator and a conductor.
ex: glass, gold
What is passive and active solar heating?
p- capture sunlight within the building's materials and then release that heat during periods when the sun is absent
a- uses mechanical devices to distribute stored thermal energy
Who created the thermometer and when?
Galileo invented the very first thermometer in the 1600s.
Give an example of when expansion or contraction would be dangerous.
Ex: railroads, bridges, etc.
Explain evaporative cooling.
As the higher energy particles leave the surface of a liquid, the remaining liquid is cooler than the original liquid. The cool liquid then cools the surface on which it is resting.
Name all 5 features of the energy transfer system.
-waste heat
-direction of energy transfer
-transformations
-energy source
-control systems
Give two cons of hydro-electric dams.
ex: harms plants and animals, affects the way of life for those who hunted and fished for generations, etc.
It takes _____ times to make a mug of hot chocolate on the top of the mountain. Water boils at ______ temperatures the further ______ sea level you go.
less
lower, above
OR
higher, below
Why would telephone lines 'sag' in the summer?
Using this, what would happen to the telephone lines in the winter?
As the temp. rises in the summer, so does the spaces and speed of the particles of the wires, causing them to expand.
They would be straight because the wires contract as the particles gather closer together.
Give an example of deposition/sublimation and fusion.
ex: gas CO2 into dry ice
ex: dropped ice-cream on a hot sidewalk
Name two kinds of energy used when using a smartphone.
ex: light, sound, etc.
Coal produces about ___% of electrical energy in AB.
80%
Explain how a thermocouple works and its purpose.
The thermocouple measures temperature because it consists of two different types of metals, joined together at one end. When the junction of the two metals is heated or cooled, a voltage is created that can be correlated back to the temperature. This is used for very high temperatures.
Compressible or incompressible?
Solid, liquid, gas
incompressible, incompressible, compressible
Why does temperature stay the same during a phase change?
This is because it isn't the temperature that changes, but the arrangement. The particles become less organized or more organized as their energy increases or decreases, leading to a phase change.
Why is an incandescent lightbulb not efficient?
Only 5% of the electrical energy of the bulb is actually turned into light energy.
What is one of the gases that fossil fuels emit when being combusted and why is it dangerous?
Sulfur dioxide is extremely irritating to the eyes, nose, and throat and life-threatening to those with lung conditions.
Explain and name all the three key parts of a thermometer.
Sensor-a material which is affected by the changes in some feature of the environment
Signal-information about temperature, like an electrical current
Responder-a mechanism that uses the responder in some way
Define a pure substance.
A pure substance is a matter that is made of only one type of particle.
What is the difference between heat, temperature and thermal energy?
heat: the energy that transfers from a substance of high to low energy
temp: measure of the average energy of particles in a substance
thermal energy: total kinetic energy of particles
Name all forms of EMR in order from shortest wavelengths to longest. (6)
Gamma rays have the highest energy and shortest wavelength. Then come X-rays, ultraviolet light, visible light, infrared radiation and microwave radiation.
What is the greenhouse effect?
The greenhouse effect are greenhouse gases, such as CO2, that trap thermal energy in Earth, warming the planet at rapid speeds; this can lead to dramatic climate changes and geographical features changing.