Foundational Documents: easy
Document that the balance and interpretation between order and liberty in government laws based on.
What is the Constitution?
What did Madison say in Federalist 10 would fix the issues with factions?
A large republic, allowing the factions to compete and compromise.
The Supreme Court ruled that the necessary and proper clause implied certain powers given to the federal government even if they weren't mentioned in the Constitution. Federal law trumps state law because of the Supremacy Clause.
What is McCulloch v. Maryland?
In Tennessee maps weren't redrawn, so there were many more people living in the city. Because of this the rural population had the most power voting. This was ruled unconstitutional because districts must be drawn evenly to distribute voting power. One person, one vote.
What is Baker v. Carr?
The amendment lays down the basis for reserved powers.
What is the 10th Amendment?
Constitutional document was created in order to protect civil liberties.
What is the Bill of Rights?
What were Hamilton's justifications for a single, energetic executive?
Congress used the commerce clause to ban guns at school property, however the Supreme Court ruled that it was not related to intrastate commerce at all. Congress had overstepped its bounds into state authority.
What is United States v. Lopez?
In North Carolina districts were drawn oddly to create majority black districts to uphold the Voting Rights Act of 1964. This was ruled unconstitutional because the practice of racial gerrymandering is bad, even if it has the interest of the minority.
What is Shaw v. Reno?
This amendment applies the bill of rights to the states.
Document explaining nonviolent direct action.
What is Letter from Birmingham Jail?
How is nonviolent direct action as described in Letter from Birmingham Jail able to create policy change?
By building tension and pressure without physical harm.
An Amish community wanted their kids out of school to continue their practice, but a Wisconsin law prevented them from leaving school until 16. The court rules that the Wisconsin because the state only require to give a "basic" education and the state overstepped in its power.
What is Wisconsin v. Yoder?
During WWI a socialist spread the word to convince people to not join the draft and got arrested under the espionage Act. The court ruled these actions constitutional because there are limits to freedom of speech including actions that put the country in danger. This created the clear and present danger test that clearly defines the limits of free speech.
Allows Congress to regulate commerce among the states.
What is the Commerce Clause?
Why did the Articles of Confederation fail?
The Articles of Confederation didn’t properly establish the authority of the federal government because of the states’ fear of tyranny.
Why was Brutus 1 against a large republic?
They were against a large republic because of its inability to represent all individuals, giving the federal government too much power.
Students wore black armbands to protest the Vietnam War, but they got sent home. The Supreme Court ruled that symbolic speech was protected under the 1st Amendment, and speech that did not disturb the class is protected. "Students do not shed their rights at the schoolhouse door."
What is Tinker v. Des Moines?
Around the time of the decision for DC v. Heller, a citizen of Chicago wanted to freely hold a firearm, but state law made it near ti impossible. Because DC isn't a state and is under federal control DC v. Heller did not apply to Chicago. This case used selective incorporation from the 14th Amendment to allow the change in state law.
What is McDonald v. Chicago?
Congress can make any decision necessary and proper to carry out their enumerated powers.
What is the Necessary and Proper Clause?
What was Federalist 51 centered around?
The need for separation of powers, and checks and balances through the three branch system.
What were the five parts of the Declaration of Independence?
Introduction, preamble, grievances, denunciation, and conclusion.
The New York Times got access to sensitive information relating to the Vietnam War, and the United States attempted to censor it under the Espionage Act. The court ruled this government action was unconstitutional because the information (The Pentagon Papers) did not put US citizens in danger.
What is New York Times v. US?
The Bipartisan Campaign Finance Act made it illegal to spend a certain amount of money on campaign ads. The court ruled that political spending by corporations is a form of Constitutionally-protected speech.
What is Citizens United v. FEC?
What is the number equal to the number of Senators and Representatives?