Embryology/
Breast Development
Hormones of Lactation
Breast Anatomy
Abnormal Anatomy
Cranial Nerves
100
This begins at four weeks gestation.
What is breast development?
100
Where the hormone prolactin is released.
What is the anterior pituitary gland?
100
These attach the deep layer of the subcutaneous tissue to the dermis of the skin in the breast.
What are Cooper's ligaments?
100
Only 3% of women have this malformation of the breast.
What is an inverted nipple?
100
The motor and sensory nerve that is responsible for movement of the jaw and feeding.
What is the trigeminal or 5th cranial nerve?
200
There is proliferation and growth of ductal tissue through hormonal influence during this time.
What happens to breast tissue with puberty?
200
This reflex is stimulated by the release of oxytocin from the posterior pituitary gland.
What is the milk ejection reflex, MER or let-down reflex?
200
This artery supplies the breast with about 60% of its supply.
What is the internal mammary or internal thoracic artery?
200
A "red flag" for possible poor milk production.
What is marked asymmetry of the breast?
200
The motor nerve that controls all tongue movement.
What is the hypoglossal or 12th cranial nerve?
300
This finishes in pregnancy.
When is development of mammary function complete?
300
The major hormone responsible for milk biosynthesis.
What is prolactin?
300
Trauma to this nerve may cause loss of sensation to the nipple and areola.
What is the fourth intercostal nerve?
300
This causes a "heart-shaped" tongue when the infant is crying, and can be responsible for a mother's sore nipples.
What is ankyloglossia or "tongue tie"?
300
The motor part of this nerve supplies all of the facial muscles and the sensory portion supplies some of a person's ability to taste.
The facial or 7th cranial nerve.
400
At 32 weeks gestation.
When is breast development complete in utero?
400
The inhibition of this hormone, by stimulation of the nipple, allows the release of prolactin.
What is dopamine?
400
Glandular tissue that extends toward the axilla, partly under the lateral border of the pectoralis majora.
What is the "Tail of Spence"?
400
This is found in Pierre Robin Sequence where placement of the tongue interferes with the baby's airway.
What is a recessed jaw or small infant jaw?
400
A motor nerve that helps with swallowing and moving food along the digestive tract.
The vagus or 10th cranial nerve.
500
After birth, the neonate's mammary tissue may secrete this.
What is colostral milk or "witch's milk"?
500
Lactogenesis II is triggered by a rapid drop of this hormone.
What is progesterone?
500
Mammary glands/sebaceous glands that are thought to be a "scent" organ, leading the baby to the breast for feeding.
What are Montgomery Glands or Tubercles?
500
Most LCs will state that shells are not helpful for this breast condition.
What are flat nipples?
500
A motor and sensory nerve that innervates the tongue, throat and one of the salivary glands. It is also involved with taste and swallowing.
The glossopharyngeal or 9th cranial nerve.
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