Axial Skeleton
Which (specific) germ layer gives rise to the axial skeleton?
The paraxial mesoderm (plus some lateral mesoderm and neural crest cells)
The part of the somite that forms muscle tissue
Myotome
Maintains a pool of rapidly dividing cells in the undifferentiated zone
Group of anomalies that occur together due to a specific cause
syndrome
Muscular middle layer of the heart tube
myocardium
The membranous neurocranium ossifies by which method?
Intramembranous
Transcription factor responsible for differentiation of muscle cells in the ventromedial region of the somite
MyoD
Area that directs anteroposterior patterning in the limbs
zone of polarizing activity (ZPA)
Viral infection that can lead to severe microcephaly
Zika
Region that will become the left ventricle and part of the atria
the primary heart field
Axial skeleton defect where the cranial sutures prematurely fuse.
Craniosynostosis
Transcription factor responsible for smooth muscle differentiation
serum response factor
Forms humerus in the forelimbs and femur in the hindlimbs
stylopod
Leading cause of intellectual disability in infants
alcohol exposure
The region that will become the right ventricle, part of the atria, and the outflow tract
the secondary heart field
The developmental process of the caudal half of a sclerotome fusing with the cephalic half of the one underneath it
Resegmentation
These structures are derived from sclerotome and differentiate due to expression of scleraxis
tendons
Fusion of digits due to failure of intervening tissue to be eliminated via apoptosis
Syndactyly
Protein detected in maternal serum used to detect chromosomal abnormalities, neural tube defects, and abdominal wall defects
alpha-fetoprotein
Precursor cells that travel to the epiblast to form the cardiogenic region in the ventral layer of the lateral mesoderm
Progenitor heart cells
This structure in the vertebral column is the only part of the notochord which remains in the adult
Nucleus pulposus
VML cells that cross this barrier mix with lateral plate mesoderm to form the abaxial musculature
Transcription factor that directs synovial joint formation
Wnt14
Isolation of fetal cells or DNA from maternal circulation
Noninvasive Prenatal Screening
Suspends the heart tube during early development
Dorsal mesocardium