General
What are the 3 P's of First Aid?
1) Preserve life
2) Prevent further injury
3) Promote recovery
What is the first step of every rescue?
Hazard check (scene assessment)
Bonus: what do you do if you encounter a hazard?
What acronym is used to treat shock? What do the letters stand for?
WARTS (warmth, ABCs, rest & reassurance, treat cause, semi-prone)
How do you treat a nosebleed?
Tilt head forward, pinch at bridge
What should you do as soon as you encounter an unconscious, non-breathing victim?
Contact EMS (ASAP!) and start CPR
What is the Good Samaritan Act? Where does it apply?
Protects first aiders from liability for damages in Ontario (provincial)
What are the steps of a primary rescue?
1) Hazard check (scene assessment)
2) Level of consciousness assessment
3) Activate EMS if necessary
4) ABC assessment
5) Appropriate treatment
What is the difference between a heart attack and angina?
Angina is a medical condition diagnosed by a doctor, prescribed meds
Name 2 categories of burns.
1st degree, 2nd degree, 3rd degree
What does an AED do?
Analyses the victim's heart rhythm, can deliver shocks to reset uncoordinated electrical activity back to its normal state
What information should you give a bystander?
Call them out specifically, who (# of victims), what, where, first aid kit, AED, check understanding
What are the steps of a secondary assessment?
1) Vital signs
2) Head to toe assessment
3) Victim history (SAMPLE)
How can you help calm a victim who is hyperventilating?
Pursed-lip breathing
When should you call EMS for a burn injury?
1st degree - more than 50%, for infants
2nd degree - larger than palm
3rd degree - always
If the victim has been pulled out of the water, do you start with chest compressions or rescue breaths?
Name 3 different barrier devices
Gloves, pocket mask, face shield, PPE
What does the P in AVPU stand for?
Painful (victim responds to painful stimuli)
Do you start with back blows or abdominal thrusts for an obstructed airway?
Doesn't matter (in Ontario)
What can you eat or drink with an abdominal injury?
Trick question - nothing, in case of surgery
How do you deal with a victim vomiting during CPR?
Roll them into semi-prone, clear their airway when they're done vomiting, and continue with CPR
How do you treat an unconscious, breathing victim?
Activate EMS, semi-prone position, treat for shock, secondary assessment
What are all 5 vital signs?
Level of consciousness, breathing, pulse, pupils (equal & responsive), skin condition
What is the difference between regular CPR and CPR with an obstructed airway?
Check their airway after they fall & after every round of 30 compressions
If breaths aren't successful, readjust and try again
What do you do with a tooth that has been knocked out?
Recover it if possible, store in a salt solution (or saline, egg whites, victim's saliva) to be re-inserted by a dentist
Which of the following rhythms will an AED shock?
a) Pulseless Electrical Activity
b) Normal Sinus Rhythm
c) Ventricular Fibrillation
d) Asystole
c) Ventricular Fibrillation