Back to Basics
What are the 3 Ps of first aid?
Preserve life, Prevent further injury, Promote recovery
What is the FAST acronym used for, and what does it stand for?
Stands for face, arms, speech, time
Used to identify stroke
When do you perform CPR?
What is the treatment for severe choking?
5 back blows, 5 abdominal thrusts, repeat until foreign object is removed
What is shock, and how is it treated?
Weakness of the circulatory system, WARTS acronym
What are the ABCs?
Airway, Breathing, Circulation
What is cardiac arrest, and what are some signs/symptoms?
Stopping of the heartbeat due to a malfunction or reduced oxygen. Unconsciousness, no pulse, no circulation
Mild vs severe choking
Mild - Air passage still possible, victim is talking and or coughing
Severe - Air cannot pass into the airway, victim stops coughing or talking
How would you treat external bleeding?
DRS - Direct pressure, rest and reassure, semi-sit/semi-prone
What is the Ontario Good Samaritan Act?
Prevents a voluntary first aider from liability for negligence
HEARTS
History, EMS, ABCs, remove tight clothing, take medication, semi-sit
What is an AED, and what does it do? (Bonus points if you can name the two important rhythms)
An automatic external defibrillator delivers a shock to certain heart rhythms (Ventricular fibrillation, pulseless ventricular tachycardia)
What is the treatment for severe choking in a child?
5 back blows, 5 chest compressions
Flow of blood to a given part of the body, check for return of colour, temperature and pulse
Name ALL parts of secondary assessment (3)
Vital signs, Head to toe check, SAMPLE
What is a TIA?
Transient ischemic attack, a warning sign of stroke, same symptoms
How to landmark on an adult, compression to breath ratio, and when to stop
Centre of nipple line, 30:2, whenever EMS takes over/AED/Signs of life
What is the treatment for hyperventilation, and when would you call EMS
Pursed-lip breathing, if hyperventilation persists for 30 minutes or the victim deteriorates
Treatment for a general eye injury
1. Phone EMS if there is an object or if vision is impaired
2. Disinfect hands (washing)
3. Treat injury
Scenario: You see a stranger who has just fallen off his bike on the sidewalk. Explain your rescue process in the case that you choose to help.
Recognize Assess Act
1. Area Check
2. Awareness check
3. Ambulance if needed
4. ABCs
5. Treatment
6. Secondary Assessment
Scenario: The person beside you at the library suddenly clasps their chest and audibly has troubled breathing. Explain your rescue process.
1. Identify suspected heart attack > Chest pain, trouble breathing, weak pulse, denial
2. Ask about past history
3. Activate EMS
4. ABCs
5. Treatment
Task: Perform 3 cycles of CPR on a manikin
Did you do well?
Scenario: Your friend starts to have trouble breathing during a workout. You know he has a history of asthma. Explain your rescue process.
1. Recognize the asthma attack
2. Assist into a comfortable position
3. Help him take an inhaler (AMTPM)
4. Remove tight clothing
5. Monitor condition
Scenario: Your teacher has been stabbed in the eye with a knife. The knife is embedded in the eye. Explain your rescue process.
1. Phone EMS
2. Leave the knife in place
3. Do NOT apply pressure
4. Bandage both eyes if the victim agrees; if not, bandage the affected eye only
5. Using bandages and a ring pad, stabilize the knife in place