First Aid Basics
What are the three goals of First Aid?
Preserve life, prevent further injury, promote recovery
What are the steps in the rescue process?
Recognize, Assess, act
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
What medical emergency involves a blockage or rupture of blood flow to the brain?
stroke
What is the first treatment for severe bleeding?
Direct pressure
What law protects volunteer first aiders from liability when helping someone in an emergency?
The Good Samaritan Act
What does ABC stand for in primary assessment?
Airway, Breathing, Circulation
What compression rate should be used during CPR?
100-120 compressions per minute
What condition occurs when blood flow to vital organs decreases and can be life-threatening?
shock
What is usually the first treatment step for burns?
flush with cool water
What emergency number should you call to activate EMS in Canada?
911
What does AVPU stand for regarding level of consciousness?
Alert, Verbal, Pain, Unresponsive
How long can the brain survive without oxygen before damage may occur?
4-6 minutes
Name 2 signs of a heart attack
chest pain, shortness of breath, sweating, nausea, pain in arm/jaw
when bandaging a wound with an embedded object, should the object be removed?
No, stabilize it and bandage around it
Name 2 types of barrier devices used for self-protection in first aid
Gloves, Pocket mask, faceshield
A victim becomes unconscious but is breathing normally. What position should they be put in?
recovery position
What device analyzes heart rhythm and may deliver a shock?
AED (Automated external defibrillator)
What breathing condition causes rapid breathing often due to anxiety?
hyperventilation
A person is clutching their throat and cannot speak. What emergency is this?
Severe Choking
What are the three things a first aider must do according to first aid law?
Identify yourself and obtain consent, use reasonable skill and care, do not abandom the victim*
Name the three parts of a secondary assessment
history (SAMPLE), vital signs (ABC), head-to-toe
What two heart rhythms commonly require shock from an AED?
ventricular fibrillation (VF) and pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT)
Activate EMS (911)
An unconscious person pulled from water needs oxygen. What should rescuers start with first?
Rescue breaths followed by CPR if needed