Assessments
What is scene size up?
- determine the mechanism of injury or nature of illness
- adhere to standard precautions
- triage patients
- consider equipment needed and request additional help
ABCDE
airway
breathing
circulation
disability
exposure
pulse / respirations / BP for an adult
60 - 100 bpm / 12-20 /
systolic: 90 - 140, diastolic: 60 - 90
nasal canula oxygen delivery
1-6 L/min
hematemesis
vomiting blood
- form a general impression
- assess responsiveness and level of consciousness
- assess airway
- assess circulation
- assess perfusion
- perform rapid trauma assessment
- determine priority of patient care and transport
CUPS
critical
unstable
potentially unstable
stable
pulse / respirations / BP for child
70 - 110 / 15-30 /
systolic: 80 - 122, diastolic: approx. 2/3 systolic pressure in adolescents and children
non-rebreather oxygen delivery
10-15 L/min
hematochezia
blood in stool
How to identify chief complaint/concern
- ask SAMPLE questions
- ask OPQRST questions
- determine trauma or acute medical condition
AVPU
&
DCAP-BTLS
alert
verbal
pain
unresponsive
&
deformities, contusions, abrasions, punctures, burns, tenderness, lacerations, swelling
60 - 105 / 12-20 / 88 - 140
bag valve mask oxygen delivery
15 L/min
hematuria
blood in the urine
What is included in the focused assessment?
- perform full body exam on a trauma patient
- perform a review of systems and symptoms on trauma patient
SAMPLE
signs/symptoms
allergies
medications
past history
last oral intake
events leading to injury or illness
(normal) temperature, capillary refill, pulse ox
98.6, <3 seconds, 95%-100%
indications for NPA
unresponsive patient
altered mental status
intact gag reflex
oral trauma
patechiae
small intradermal or mucosal hemorrhage
what is included in reassessment?
- repeat initial assessment
- reassess vital signs
- reassess interventions
OPQRST
onset
provocation
quality
radiation
severity
time
top causes of sudden death
asthma
catastrophic brain injuries
diabetes
exertional heat stroke
exertional hyponatremia
indications for OPA
trauma to mandible/maxilla
conscious patient/gag reflex
obstructed airway
purpura
large areas of mucosal or skin hemorrhage