Exigent Circumstances
This term describes when officers may enter property without a warrant because waiting would pose immediate danger.
What are exigent circumstances?
The Supreme Court created this doctrine allowing officers to act to protect citizens, not investigate crime.
What is the community caretaking doctrine?
This amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures.
What is the Fourth Amendment?
This type of property receives the highest Fourth Amendment protection.
What is a home?
Evidence discovered during a lawful emergency entry is allowed in court if it falls under this doctrine.
What is the plain view doctrine?
Officers chasing a fleeing suspect into a home may enter without a warrant under this doctrine.
What is hot pursuit?
Entering a home after receiving reports of screaming and possible injury is justified by this principle.
What is the emergency aid exception?
The Supreme Court defines this as what a person seeks to preserve as private.
What is a reasonable expectation of privacy?
Because they are mobile, these receive reduced privacy protections in emergency situations.
What are vehicles?
Evidence that would have been found by lawful means anyway may still be used under this rule.
What is the inevitable discovery doctrine?
Officers may search without a warrant if they believe a suspect is about to do this to evidence.
Officers may search without a warrant if they believe a suspect is about to do this to evidence.
Officers may briefly enter private property during this type of natural disaster to ensure life safety.
What are emergency or disaster response checks?
Unless an exception applies, this legal document is required before officers search a home.
What is a warrant?
Searches of this type of land do not require a warrant under the Open Fields Doctrine.
What are open fields?
If officers exceed the scope of an emergency search, evidence may be excluded under this rule.
What is the exclusionary rule?
A warrantless entry to stop a violent offense falls under this exception, even if officers have time to get a warrant.
What is preventing imminent danger to life?
Community caretaking usually applies to this type of property more easily than to homes.
What are vehicles?
Evidence found during a lawful emergency search is admissible under this doctrine if its discovery was unintended but lawful.
What is the plain view doctrine?
Abandoned property receives no Fourth Amendment protection because the owner has given this up.
What is a reasonable expectation of privacy?
Evidence found during a search conducted in good faith but later judged unlawful may still be admissible under this exception.
What is the good faith exception?
Courts evaluate exigent circumstances using this constitutional test that balances urgency and intrusiveness.
What is the reasonableness standard under the Fourth Amendment?
In this case, New Hampshire police seized a rifle from a defendant’s locked bedroom without a warrant, but the court ruled the error was harmless and upheld his convictions.
The State of New Hampshire v. Jae PseudAe?
In this case, the state supreme court held that an anonymous tip—without corroboration—cannot create probable cause for a home search, leading to suppression of all discovered evidence.
State v. Pseudo?
Business property may be searched without a warrant in emergencies, but normal inspections often require this.
What is an administrative warrant?
If police illegally obtain evidence but a later independent source finds it lawfully, it may still be admitted under this doctrine.
What is the independent source doctrine?