SOLAR SYSTEM
How long does it take for the Sun to revolve the sun and rotate around the axis?
Revolve around the sun - 365 days 1/4 days
Rotate around the axis - 24 hours
What are the four layers of the Earth and their state of matter?
Crust - solid
Mantle - liquid
Outer Core - liquid
Inner Core - solid
Define Earthquake
A shaking of the ground caused by the sudden movement of rock along a plate boundary. (Huge rock blocks collide at plate boundary)
Define Volcano
A weak spot in Earth's crust where molten magma, rock fragments, and hot gases erupt.
Define the three types of plate boundaries?
Divergent - 2 plates move apart
Convergent - 2 plates push together
Transform - 2 plates scrape by each other
What are the characteristics of the inner and outer planets?
Inner - relatively small, high densities, and rocky surfaces
Outer - relatively large, low densities, and gaseous surfaces
What is Earth's crust made up of?
silicates
Define what the two types of locations of an earthquake are
1) Focus - The point below the surface where rocks first begin to move
2) Epicenter - The point on the surface directly above the focus
What are two divergent boundaries and name an example for each
1) Underwater - Mid Atlantic Ridge
2) On Land - Great Riff Valley
Name one of the three main ideas of Wegener's theory
1) All continents were on together in a supercontinent called Pangaea
2)Pangaea existed 225 million years ago
3)Over millions of years, the continents have drifted to their current locations
Describe the small objects in the solar system
Asteroid - Small rocky bodies that vary in diameter
Meteoroid - Small fragments of an asteroid
Meteor - Flies into Earth's atmosphere and it's heated by friction to create a streak of light
Meteorite - If the meteor does not burn up and strike the ground it creates this
What are the two crusts and what is the most common substance in each layer?
Continental Crust - granite
Oceanic Crust - basalt
Name two of the five damages that can happen from an earthquake
Ground shaking, aftershocks, landslides, liquefaction, and/or tsunami
Describe what the two types of lava are
1) Aa Lava - It is high in silica, flows very slowly, explosive eruptions, and infrequent eruptions.
2) Pahoehoe Lava - It is low in silica, flows very easily, weak eruptions, and frequent eruptions
Plates are in constant, slow motion, driven by mantle ______.
...convection currents.
List all of the phases of the moon from a new moon to a full moon.
(going counterclockwise starting at where the nine would be on a regular clock)
new moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, third quarter, waning crescent
How is the Asthenosphere and Lithosphere different from each other?
The asthenosphere is very hot, ductile, and viscous The lithosphere is cold and brittle.
What are all three scales geologist use to measure an earthquake's strength?
Mercalli, Richter, Moment Magnitude
What are the three classes of volcanoes?
1) Active - It is erupting or showing signs of possible eruptions in the future.
2) Dormant - The volcano is not active now, but may become active in the future
3) Extinct - It has erupted before, but is unlikely to erupt again
Why wasn't Wegener's theory accepted until 50 years later?
He could not explain how the continents drifted.
What is the order of the planets from sun outward?
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto
What is the order of the layers from crust to core?
Continental and Oceanic Crust, Lithosphere, Upper Mantle, Middle Mantle (Asthenosphere), Lower Mantle (Mesosphere), Outer Core, and Inner Core
What is one of the three types of seismic waves in an earthquake? Define
1) Primary Wave - push and pull the ground, its speed is 5km/s with the least damage
2) Secondary Wave- shakes the ground up and down and side to side its speed is 3km/s with medium damage
3) Surface Wave - causes the ground to roll up and down and side to side its speed is 2km/s with the most damage
Describe the three types of volcanoes based on shape
1) Shield Volcano - It is a very wide, gently sloping mountain with runny lava and has frequent but mild eruptions.
2) Cinder Cone - This steep sided hill is made from rock fragments and is frequent and explosive.
3) Composite Volcano - It has a steep cone shaped mountain with thick and syrupy lava; it's eruptions are violent and unpredictable.
Why don't they present shapes of the continents fit perfectly together?
They continents have eroded and changed shaped overtime.