Patient Assessment
What is the first step in assessing a patient's level of consciousness?
Ask the patient if they can hear you and if they are okay
What is the first action you should take when you encounter a patient in cardiac arrest?
Begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and, if available, use an automated external defibrillator (AED)
What does the term "anterior" refer to in human anatomy?
The front of the body.
What type of consent is given when a conscious patient verbally agrees to receive treatment?
Expressed consent.
What is the recommended compression-to-ventilation ratio for adult CPR performed by a single rescuer?
30:2 (30 chest compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths).
When checking a patient's pulse, where is the most common location to feel for a pulse in an adult?
The carotid artery, located on the side of the neck.
In a situation where a patient has severe external bleeding, what is the best initial step to control the bleeding?
Apply direct pressure to the wound.
What is the function of red blood cells in the body?
To carry oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and transport carbon dioxide back to the lungs.
If an unconscious patient is found with no family or legal documents present, what type of consent allows you to provide care?
Implied consent.
What is the first step you should take to control severe external bleeding?
Apply direct pressure to the wound.
What does the acronym AVPU stand for when assessing a patient's responsiveness?
Alert, Verbal, Pain, Unresponsive
If you suspect that a patient has suffered a spinal injury, how should you move the patient if necessary?
Use spinal immobilization techniques and move the patient as a unit (log roll) to prevent further injury.
What is the term for the position of a body part that is closer to the point of attachment on the limb?
Proximal
What should you do if a mentally competent patient refuses emergency medical care?
Respect the patient's wishes, document the refusal, and explain the potential consequences of refusing care.
How should you open the airway of an unresponsive patient without a suspected spinal injury?
Perform the head tilt–chin lift maneuver.
How do you assess a patient’s airway if there is a suspected spinal injury?
Use the jaw-thrust maneuver to open the airway without moving the neck.
What is the primary concern when arriving at the scene of a motor vehicle crash with power lines draped over the vehicle?
Ensure the safety of yourself and others by avoiding contact with the power lines and calling the power company immediately.
What is the name of the structure that prevents food or liquid from entering the trachea during swallowing?
The epiglottis
As an Emergency Medical Responder (EMR), what is your legal obligation if you suspect a child is being abused?
Report the suspected abuse to law enforcement or child protective services as mandated by law.
When using an automated external defibrillator (AED), what should you ensure before delivering a shock?
Ensure that no one is touching the patient.
When performing a primary assessment, what is the most important life-threatening condition to assess and address first?
Airway obstruction or compromised breathing.
If you arrive at a scene with multiple injured patients, what is your first priority as the first responder?
Perform a quick triage to determine which patients need immediate care and call for additional resources.
Which part of the circulatory system receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the rest of the body?
The left side of the heart
If a mistake is made on a patient care report, what is the correct procedure for making corrections?
Draw a single line through the mistake, make the correction, and initial and date the change without altering the original information.
What is the best method for moving a patient with a suspected spinal injury to avoid further harm?
Use the log roll technique while maintaining manual in-line stabilization of the head and neck.