Heart
Chest pain due to temporary lack of oxygen / relieved with rest
Angina (this is the patient that would often receive nitro)
Tiny air sacs in the lungs
Alveoli The primary function of alveoli is to facilitate the exchange of gases between the air in the lungs and the blood in the capillaries. Oxygen from inhaled air passes through the thin walls of the alveoli into the blood, and carbon dioxide from the blood passes into the alveoli to be exhaled.
Manually opening the airway on a trauma patient is called? Medical patient?
Trauma: modified jaw thrust or trauma airway manuever
Medical only: head tilt / chin lift
What is a disruption of the blood supply to the brain called
CVA - Cerebrovascular Accident
a medical condition where the blood supply to a part of the brain is suddenly interrupted or reduced. This deprivation of blood flow causes brain cells to be deprived of oxygen and nutrients, leading to their damage or death.
What is a sign or/and a symptom?
A sign is something that you can see, hear or feel ( blood pressure, breath sounds etc.)
A symptom is something that you the patient tells you.
headache, nausea, etc.
Vessels that carry blood to the heart? Away?
What is a BVM
Bag Valve Mask - airway device used to deliver breaths (especially patients that are unable to maintain their airway)
When taking a blood pressure what is the number at the top and what does it mean? What is the number at the bottom and what does it mean?
Systolic: BP number at the top (heart working)
Diastolic: BP number at the bottom (heart at rest)
120/80 120 is systolic 80 is diastolic
What causes a stroke
The blood supply to part of the brain is suddenly cut off, leading to brain cell damage. This can happen due to a blockage in a blood vessel (ischemic stroke) or a burst blood vessel (hemorrhagic stroke). Strokes can cause various symptoms, such as sudden weakness, confusion, difficulty speaking, or loss of balance
What is the percentage of oxygen in the air we breath? Exhale?
Breath in: 21%
Breath out: 16%
What is important to remember about the AED
Put it on as soon as it is available. Never cut the pads or take them off...the two shockable rhythms are ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. Stops the heart so it can reboot (hopefully to a normal rhythm) Listen carefully to the prompts)
What is an advanced airway and how does it change our breathing/CPR?
An advanced airway in an intubation tube placed down the airway to manually assist breathing.
We now can do continuous compressions with our CPR and 1 breath every six seconds.
Name the six links in the chain of survival?
Early recognition / early 911
Early CPR
Early AED
Early advanced care
Continual Care
Recovery
How do we check the level of consciousness (LOC) on a conscious patient
AVPU scale
A=alert (ask three questions: person/place/time)
V=verbal (ask them to wiggle fingers or squeeze both hands
P=pain Pinch patient looking for grimace
U=unresponsive (no responses)
What is gastric inflation (distention) and what causes it?
Gastric inflation, also known as gastric distention, occurs when air is inadvertently pushed into the stomach during CPR ventilations. This can happen if breaths are given too quickly, with too much force, or with an improper seal over the airway.
Someone comes to you complaining of chest pain, difficulty breathing and skin is pale and sweaty. What is possibly a sign of?
A heart attack
What do we call the technique called used to assist a chocking responsive infant?
Back slaps / Chest thrusts
Will this technique work on an unresponsive infant? No....not enough muscle control would be available.
What do you do if your patient is coughing forcibly?
Nothing physically. Reassure them that you are there, are trained, and will stay with them. You can't use any maneuver with the hope of causing the air in the patient lungs to push the object out if there is even a minor airway. ( air is moving and not trapped)
Name the special groups that may present with atypical symptoms with an AMI
Elderly Women Diabetics
When can we discontinue CPR?
R R E D
revived
relieved
exhausted
declared dead (must be coroner or paramedic with hosp.)
Why is recoil when doing chest compressions so important?
It allows the best chance of flow in the heart to efficiently have the blood properly fill and empty the chambers of the heart.
How long do you check the breathing and pulse when assessing a patient?
No more than 6 seconds.
1. What do we do to help a choking patient if they are to tall?
2. Pregnant or can't get your arms around their stomach?
3.Can't reach around their belly or their chest?
1. Ask quickly for patient to put their feet apart which will greatly shorten them.
2. Go underneath their armpits and press straight back.
3. Put the patient in a supine position and use chest compressions.
What is the difference between Biological and clinical death.
Clinical death: There is still a possibility that good care can reverse the status.
Biological death: To much time has passed and there is nothing that can be done to bring the patient back.
Name three pulses and their location
Carotid=> Neck
Radial=> wrist (thumb side)
Brachial=> Feel for the pulse on the inner aspect of the arm (the side of the arm closest to the body), just above the elbow crease. Using the tips of your index and middle fingers, press gently into the groove between the biceps and triceps muscles, near the brachial artery,