Airway and Breathing
What is the normal range for an adult’s respiratory rate?
12–20 breaths per minute
What does AED stand for?
Automated External Defibrillator
What is the acronym for assessing stroke symptoms?
FAST (Face, Arm, Speech, Time)
What is the first step in managing a suspected spinal injury?
Manually stabilize the head and neck
60-100 BPM
What device delivers 100% oxygen when used properly with a good seal?
BVM (Bag-valve mask)
What is the recommended compression-to-ventilation ratio for infants and children with two rescuers?
15:2
What position should you place a postictal (after-seizure) patient in if no trauma is suspected?
Recovery position (on their side)
What is the main goal of a tourniquet?
To stop arterial bleeding
What does AVPU stand for?
Alert, Verbal, Pain, Unresponsive
What is the maximum time you should suction an adult’s airway at one time?
15 seconds
In adult CPR, when should you check for a pulse again after initiating compressions?
every 2 minutes of CPR
What is the term for brief loss of consciousness due to decreased blood flow to the brain?
Syncope
What does DCAP-BTLS stand for?
Deformities, Contusions, Abrasions, Punctures/Penetrations, Burns, Tenderness, Lacerations, Swelling
What is the term for difficulty breathing?
Dyspnea
What is the preferred airway maneuver for a trauma patient with suspected spinal injury?
Jaw-thrust maneuver
What cardiac rhythm is treated with defibrillation?
Ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia
What is one common sign of increased intracranial pressure?
unequal pupils (anisocoria), vomiting, or decreased responsiveness
What is the most important consideration when managing an impaled object?
Don't remove it; stabilize it in place
What condition is characterized by chest pain, shortness of breath, and risk factors such as recent surgery or long travel, and involves a clot in the lungs?
Pulmonary embolism (PE)
What are the three components of assessing breathing in the primary survey?
Look, listen, and feel
Two possible reasons why the AED will say "no shock advised"
What type of seizure involves a brief lapse in awareness or “staring spell”?
Absence (petit mal) seizure
What type of shock results from severe blood loss?
Hypovolemic shock
What medication can EMTs assist with for a patient experiencing chest pain suspected to be cardiac in origin (if prescribed and indications met)?
The patient’s prescribed nitroglycerin