Blood Borne Pathogens
These are the three most common bloodborne pathogens in the United States.
What are HIV, Hepatitis B (HBV), and Hepatitis C
A stable adult patient with mild dyspnea is prescribed a nasal cannula. What is the standard maximum recommended flow rate for a standard nasal cannula before it causes significant nasal mucosal drying and patient discomfort without humidification?
What is 6L/m
This is the primary rule for what areas a splint should immobilize on an injured extremity.
What is the joint above and below the injury?
This type of open soft-tissue injury involves skin or tissue being completely torn off or hanging as a flap.T
What is an avulsion
While treating a 65-year-old patient with severe respiratory distress, you note they are making sporadic, irregular, gasping breaths with minimal chest rise, usually signaling impending respiratory arrest.
What are agonal breaths
Hepatitis infections primarily attack and cause injury to this internal organ
What is the liver.
When applying a non-rebreather mask to a trauma patient in severe respiratory distress, what is the minimum flow rate required to ensure the reservoir bag does not collapse during inhalation and to prevent carbon dioxide rebreathing
What is a flow rate of 10 to 15 L/min
You must always check this set of indicators (circulation, motor function, and sensation) before and after applying a splint.
What is PMS (or CSM - circulation, sensation, movement)
This critical time window refers to the first 60 minutes after a traumatic injury where definitive surgical care gives the highest chance of survival.
What is the golden hour
You find a 24-year-old diabetic patient unresponsive, cold, and diaphoretic. Before administering treatment, you use this mnemonic to assess their baseline neurological state based on whether they are alert, responsive to voice, responsive to pain, or unresponsive.
What is AVPU scale
This basic rule of infection control dictates that you treat all human blood and certain body fluids as if they are known to be infectious.
What are Universal Precautions (or Standard precautions)
When operating a bag-valve mask (BVM) with an oxygen reservoir attached, what flow rate of oxygen should be delivered to the bag to ensure an FiO2 approaching 90-100%?
What is 15 L/m
This triangular bandage variation is used in conjunction with an arm sling to keep the arm securely against the chest.
What is a swathe
This life-threatening chest injury occurs when three or more adjacent ribs are fractured in at least two places, leading to paradoxical chest wall movement
What is flail chest.
During a home delivery, you assess the mother and notice the umbilical cord is presenting out of the birth canal before the baby's head. Your immediate action is to insert gloved fingers to relieve pressure on the cord.
What is a prolapsed cord
This is where you must throw away contaminated PPE that is thoroughly dripping or saturated with blood.
What is a red bag.
A patient with severe smoke inhalation is breathing spontaneously at 32 breaths/min, has shallow respirations, altered mental status, and impending respiratory arrest. An NRB is currently on at 15 L/min, but SpO2 is falling and work of breathing is extreme. What is the most appropriate next intervention?
What is transition immediately to assisted ventilation using a bag-valve mask (BVM) with 100% oxygen
This is an injury to an extremity where the broken bone does not break or open through the skin.
What is a closed fracture (simple fracture)
This specific type of dressing is placed over a sucking chest wound and taped on three sides to act as a one-way valve.
What is an occlusive dressing
An adult patient is experiencing an acute asthma attack. This is the classic lower-airway musical whistling sound you expect to hear when auscultating their lungs.
What is wheezing
This is the proper minimum amount of time you should rub your hands together with soap and water during handwashing.
What is 20 seconds
What is the primary function of the one-way valves located on the exhalation ports of a non-rebreather mask?
What is to prevent room air from entering the mask during inhalation and force exhaled air out without re-entering the reservoir.
If you find no distal pulse in an extremity after applying a splint, this is the first preformed intervention you should take.
What is gently realign the limb into a normal anatomical position (or recheck/loosen the splint if too tight, per protocol)
Bruising behind the ears following a head trauma, which serves as a late sign indicating a skull fracture.
What is Battle Sign.
Upon arriving at a chaotic house party for an unknown medical emergency, this is the very first thing the EMS crew must evaluate before physically approaching the patient.
What is scene safety.