Column 1
The primary waste product of aerobic metabolism is:
A) lactic acid.
B) pyruvic acid.
C) carbon dioxide.
D) adenosine triphosphate.
carbon dioxide.
To select the proper size oropharyngeal airway, you should measure from the:
A) corner of the mouth to the earlobe.
B) center of the mouth to the posterior ear.
C) corner of the mouth to the superior ear.
D) angle of the jaw to the center of the mouth.
A) corner of the mouth to the earlobe.
A 51-year-old female presents with a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She is conscious and alert and able to speak in complete sentences. Her respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. You should:
A) administer oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask.
B) insert a nasal airway in case her mental status decreases.
C) perform a secondary assessment and then begin treatment.
D) assist her ventilations with a bag-valve mask.
A) administer oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask.
The impedance threshold device (ITD) may improve circulation during active compression-decompression CPR by:
A) maintaining increased intrathoracic pressure during the downward stroke of each chest compression, which forces more blood from both of the ventricles.
B) maximizing the amount of air in the lungs following chest recoil, which hyperinflates the lungs and forces more blood from the ventricle during each compression.
C) drawing all of the air out of the lungs in between chest compressions, which causes positive intrathoracic pressure and a reduction of blood return to the right side of the heart.
D) limiting the amount of air that enters the lungs during the recoil phase between chest compressions, which results in negative intrathoracic pressure and improved cardiac filling.
D) limiting the amount of air that enters the lungs during the recoil phase between chest compressions, which results in negative intrathoracic pressure and improved cardiac filling.
CPR is in progress on a pregnant woman. Shortly after manually displacing her uterus to the left, return of spontaneous circulation occurs. Which of the following would MOST likely explain this?
A) Increased blood flow to her heart caused her ventricles to stop fibrillating, which restored her pulse.
B) Pressure was relieved from her aorta and vena cava, which improved chest compression effectiveness.
C) Displacement of her uterus caused blood to flow backward, which increased blood flow to her heart.
D) Displacement of her uterus allowed her lungs to expand more fully, which restored her pulse.
B) Pressure was relieved from her aorta and vena cava, which improved chest compression effectiveness.
The partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli is _______ mm Hg, while the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli is _______ mm Hg.
A) 70, 28
B) 88, 30
C) 90, 50
D) 104, 40
104, 40
At a flow rate of 6 L/min, a nasal cannula can deliver an approximate oxygen concentration of up to:
A) 24%.
B) 35%.
C) 44%.
D) 52%.
44%.
When performing CPR on a child, you should compress the chest:
A) until a radial pulse is felt.
B) with one or two hands.
C) to a depth of 1 to 2 inches.
D) 80 to 100 times per minute.
with one or two hands.
CPR will NOT be effective if the patient is:
A) prone.
B) supine.
C) horizontal.
D) on a firm surface.
prone.
Signs of a sudden severe upper airway obstruction include all of the following, EXCEPT:
A) acute cyanosis.
B) inability to speak.
C) grasping the throat.
D) forceful coughing.
forceful coughing.
Prior to applying a nonrebreathing mask to a patient, you must ensure that the:
A) one-way valve is sealed.
B) flow rate is set at 6 L/min.
C) reservoir bag is fully inflated.
D) patient has reduced tidal volume.
reservoir bag is fully inflated.
Your conscious patient has a mild partial airway obstruction. You should:
A) encourage the patient to cough.
B) perform abdominal thrusts.
C) administer back blows.
D) place the patient supine.
encourage the patient to cough.
The pressure of gas in a full cylinder of oxygen is approximately _______ pounds per square inch (psi).
A) 500
B) 1,000
C) 2,000
D) 3,000
2,000
Which of the following statements regarding oxygenation and ventilation is correct?
A) In carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, ventilation is impaired because CO binds to oxygen very quickly.
B) Oxygenation is the movement of air into and out of the lungs, whereas ventilation is the exchange of gases.
C) In mines or confined places, where oxygen levels are low, ventilation may continue despite adequate oxygenation.
D) Oxygenation without adequate ventilation can occur in climbers who quickly ascend to an altitude of lower atmospheric pressure.
In mines or confined places, where oxygen levels are low, ventilation may continue despite adequate oxygenation.
Which of the following factors will cause a decreased minute volume in an adult?
A) Shallow breathing
B) Increased tidal volume
C) Respirations of 20 breaths/min
D) Slight decrease in respiratory rate
Shallow breathing
The leaf-shaped structure located superior to the larynx is called the:
A) epiglottis.
B) vallecula.
C) cricoid ring.
D) thyroid cartilage.
epiglottis.
A 60-year-old man is found to be unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic. You should:
A) start CPR and transport immediately.
B) withhold CPR until he is defibrillated.
C) determine if he has a valid living will.
D) begin CPR until an AED is available.
begin CPR until an AED is available.
The hypoxic drive is influenced by:
A) high blood oxygen levels.
B) low blood oxygen levels.
C) low blood carbon dioxide levels.
D) high blood carbon dioxide levels.
low blood oxygen levels.
Without adequate oxygen, the body's cells:
A) rely solely on glucose, which is completely converted into adenosine triphosphate.
B) cease metabolism altogether, resulting in carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood.
C) begin to metabolize fat, resulting in the production and accumulation of ketoacids.
D) incompletely convert glucose into energy, and lactic acid accumulates in the blood.
incompletely convert glucose into energy, and lactic acid accumulates in the blood.
Which of the following statements regarding the one-person bag-valve mask technique is correct?
A) Bag-valve mask ventilations should be delivered every 2 seconds when the device is being operated by one person.
B) The C-clamp method of holding the mask to the face is not effective when ventilating a patient with a bag-valve mask.
C) Adequate tidal volume is often difficult to achieve when one EMT is operating the bag-valve mask.
D) The bag-valve mask delivers more tidal volume and a higher oxygen concentration than the mouth-to-mask technique.
Adequate tidal volume is often difficult to achieve when one EMT is operating the bag-valve mask.
Which of the following statements regarding positive-pressure ventilation is correct?
A) Positive-pressure ventilation allows blood to naturally be pulled back to the heart from the body.
B) With positive-pressure ventilation, more volume is required to have the same effects as normal breathing.
C) To prevent hypotension, the EMT should increase the rate and force of positive-pressure ventilation.
D) Unlike negative-pressure ventilation, positive-pressure ventilation does not affect the esophageal opening pressure.
With positive-pressure ventilation, more volume is required to have the same effects as normal breathing.
Which of the following would cause an increase in the amount of exhaled carbon dioxide?
A) Increased cardiac output
B) Cardiopulmonary arrest
C) Anaerobic metabolism
D) Excessive ventilation
A) Increased cardiac output
Which of the following organs or tissues can survive the longest without oxygen?
A) Muscle
B) Heart
C) Liver
D) Kidneys
Muscle
An oxygen cylinder should be taken out of service and refilled when the pressure inside it is less than:
A) 200 psi.
B) 500 psi.
C) 1,000 psi.
D) 1,500 psi.
B) 500 psi.
Your protocols state that during the first few minutes of working on a cardiac arrest patient, you should provide passive ventilation. This means that you will:
A) deliver positive-pressure ventilation at rate of only 5 or 6 breaths/min.
B) ventilate with a bag-valve mask that is not attached to oxygen.
C) time your positive-pressure ventilations to occur during chest recoil.
D) allow recoil of the chest between compressions to draw air into the lungs.
allow recoil of the chest between compressions to draw air into the lungs.
CPR retraining is the MOST effective when it:
A) is self-paced and brief.
B) occurs every 24 months.
C) is delivered by computer.
D) involves hands-on practice.
involves hands-on practice.
Without practice, your CPR skills will __________.
A) deteriorate over time
B) improve over time
C) come back automatically when needed
D) become part of your muscle memory
deteriorate over time
Based on current guidelines, in which of the following situations should supplemental oxygen be administered?
A) Signs of myocardial infarction and an oxygen saturation of 97%
B) Exposure to carbon monoxide and an oxygen saturation of 95%
C) Any diabetic patient whose oxygen saturation is less than 98%
D) Any elderly patient whose oxygen saturation is less than 95%
Exposure to carbon monoxide and an oxygen saturation of 95%
While providing CPAP to a patient in severe respiratory distress, you note that his heart rate has increased by 20 beats/min. He is conscious, but is no longer following verbal commands. You should:
A) decrease the amount of pressure that the CPAP device is delivering.
B) remove the CPAP device and ventilate him with a bag-valve mask.
C) increase the amount of pressure that the CPAP device is delivering.
D) remove the CPAP device and apply oxygen by nonrebreathing mask.
remove the CPAP device and ventilate him with a bag-valve mask.
Complications associated with using a manually triggered ventilation device include:
A) inadequate ventilation and hypercarbia.
B) lung tissue injury and gastric distention.
C) inadequate oxygenation and tracheal injury.
D) reduced tidal volume delivery and hypoxia.
lung tissue injury and gastric distention.