ABCs
Cardio/Pulm
Trauma
Medical
Surprise!
100
What are the ABCs? What do you do for each step?
Airway, Breathing, Circulation
100
What are the key structural components of the heart?
What are: four chambers (the atria-the two top chambers, and the ventricles-the two bottom chambers)
100
Trauma has been recognized as the _____th leading cause of death overall for all age groups.
4th Preceded by cardiovascular disease, stroke, and cancer
100
What are the "Five Rights" of medication administration?
What are: right patient, right medication, right route, right dose, right date (time)
100
How many bones are in the human body?
206
200
What method is used to open the airway of an unresponsive patient or a patient where it's unknown if spinal trauma is present?
jaw thrust
200
Where do you auscultate breath sounds?
2nd intercostal space-mid clavicular line; 3rd intercostal space-anterior axillary line OR 4th intercostal space-mid axillary line; and 5th/6th intercostal space-posterior midscapular line
200
What is organ collision?
The organs continue to move forward and strike the inside of the chest, skull, and/or abdomen after the body as a whole has come to an abrupt stop.
200
What are the key components of a reassessment?
Reassess airway, breathing, circulation, mental status. In addition, vitals, interventions, and any new signs or symptoms.
200
Why shouldn't you take a pulse with your thumb?
Your thumb has it's own pulse and can cause you to obtain an inaccurate pulse for the patient.
300
What is used to determine if a patient's breathing is adequate or not when deciding if a patient needs ventilation?
Adequate respiratory rate AND adequate tidal volume are both needed to conclude the patient has adequate breathing and is not in need of ventilation.
300
What is arteriosclerosis?
Disease process that causes the loss of elasticity in the vascular walls from thickening and hardening of the vessels.
300
What are the variables that severity of blood loss are dependent on:
1) Amount of blood loss; 2) Rate of blood loss; 3) Other injuries or existing conditions; 4) Patient's existing medical problems; 5) Patient's age; 6) Patient's height and weight
300
What smell/odor is usually associated with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
What is a fruity or acetone odor on the breath
300
What is a behavioral emergency?
A behavioral emergency is a situation in which a person exhibits "abnormal" behavior- behavior that is unacceptable or intolerable to the patient, the family, or the community.
400
What are the airway complications for a patient with facial injuries?
1) Blunt injury can cause excessive swelling that can cause a partially or completely occluded airway. 2) The facial and cranial regions are highly vascular and bleeding into the pharynx can be severe. That may require the patient's airway to be suctioned frequently.
400
What is cor pulmonale?
Right sided or right ventricular heart failure. Caused by a higher resistance in the pulmonary vessels resulting in the right ventricle having to contract harder to pump the blood out to the lungs.
400
It may take up to ___ _____ of blood to distend the abdominal girth by 1 inch.
What is 1 liters
400
What are the two hormones that are primarily responsible for controlling levels of blood glucose?
What are insulin and glucagon
400
What are the hollow abdominal organs and solid abdominal organs? Concerns with both in the event of a rupture or laceration? What is the Kehr Sign?
Hollow: stomach, gallbladder, urinary bladder, ureters, internal urethra, fallopian tubes, small intestine, large intestine. Solid: liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys Kehr Sign: blood is not very irritating to the peritoneal lining and may not cause severe abdominal pain, even if the patient is bleeding severely. However, the blood may irritate the diaphragm and cause referred pain to the shoulder. That referred pain is called the Kehr sign.
500
What is pulsus paradoxus?
A decrease in the strength of the pulse during the inspiratory phase of a patient. This could be an indication of a severe cardiac or respiratory injury or illness, or blood loss. Also can be found while attaining a blood pressure by auscultation. If the needle suddenly drops more than 10 mmHg when the patient inhale, it is a significant finding.
500
Who are more susceptible to suffer from a spontaneous pneumothorax?
Males are 5 times more likely than females (especially tall, lanky, thin males between 20 and 40 years of age), cigarette smoking, or have a disorder such as Marfan syndrome or Ehlers-Danolos syndrome.
500
Why might a low body temperature affect a patient's rate of bleeding/blood loss?
Because a low body temperature may make the clotting process slower and less effective. That is one reason why it is necessary to keep the bleeding and shock patient warm.
500
What is esophageal varices?
Bulging, engorgement, or weakening of the blood vessels in the lining of the lower part of the esophagus. Common with patients who are heavy drinkers or liver disease. Caused by increased pressure in the venous blood supply system of the liver, stomach, and esophagus. Some signs and symptoms include: large volume of bright red hematemesis, absence of pain or tenderness in the abdomen, rapid pulse, difficulty breathing, pale cool clammy, jaundice
500
What is a Kussmaul Sign?
Watch the jugular veins during inhalation. If they engorge during inhalation, it may be a sign of a tension pneumothorax or pericadial tamponade. This engorgement is referred to as Kussmaul sign. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uB1c2zvkaew
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