SHOCK
TRUE or FALSE:
A major effect of Cardiogenic shock is the backup of blood into the lungs?
TRUE
As an EMT you should always begin by surveying the scene with?
Scene Safety
Prior to applying a nonrebreathing mask to a patient, what must you ensure?
The reservoir bag is fully inflated
What is the minimum PPE that is needed at a trauma scene and bleeding is suspected?
Gloves, and Eye Protection
What is the age range of Neonates?
Birth to 1 month
Between each chest compression, you should make sure you have___________?
Full chest recoil
The body is perfused via what system:
Circulatory System
Basic life support (BLS) is defined as _______emergency care?
The leaf-shaped structure located superior to the larynx is called the:
As an EMT, when you find a patient that is found to be unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic, what should you do?
Begin CPR until an AED is available
What occurs when a neonate’s lips are stroked?
Sucking Reflex
A patient that has normal skin color, temperature, and condition display as?
Pink, Warm and Dry
Systolic pressure is the peak artieral pressure, or pressure genearted every time the______contracts?
Heart
A blood pressure cuff that is too small for a patient's arm will give a______ and a _______pressure?
Falsely high systolic and diastolic
A patient who is suspected of being hypoxic and is breathing adequately should be given supplemental oxygen with a:
Nonrebreathing mask.
Scene Size-Up
What is a relatively flexible fibrous bone on an infant?
Fontanelles
Certain foods, medications, insects and/or enviromental substances are common causes of a patient to experience_______?
Anaphylactic Shock
What is it called when the body can still compensate for blood loss?
Compensated Shock
What is performed to establish circulation and artificial ventilation in a patient who is not breathing and has no pulse?
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
Irregular respirations characterized by an increasing rate and depth of breathing followed by periods of apnea are called:
Cheyne-Stokes respirations.
Assesseing a patient's LOC is done under what part of patient assessment?
The Primary Assessment
What is the ranges of an adult's systolic blood pressure?
90 to 140 mm Hg
Upon arrival on scene you have a 10y/o child that is conscious and is responsive with a mild airway obstruction, what should you do?
Encourage the patient to cough
Diastolic pressure is the pressure maintained with the ______while the heart rests between heartbeats.
Arteries
In patients who have not sustained trauma, what maneuver may be all that is needed for the patient to resume breathing?
Head tilt–chin lift maneuver
Inhalation occurs when
Decrease in intrathoracic pressure and diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract
A patient who does not respond to your questions, but moves or cries out when the patient has been touched is referred to as?
Painful stimuli
What system is affected when glucose metabolism slows, while insulin production decreases?
Endocrine System
For a that is not breathing and the patient has stoma, where should the BVM or pocket mask device be placed?
Directly over the stoma
What is the late stage called, when blood pressure is falling and the mental status of the patient is declining?
Decompensated Shock
When providing CPR alone, what is the ratio of compressions to ventilations?
30:2
Which of the following is a late sign of hypoxia?
Cyanosis
Check for breathing and a pulse, this assessment can occur simultaneously and should take no longer than______minutes?
10 seconds
What is the ranges of a Preschooler's (3 to 6 years) systolic blood pressure?
80 to 100 mm Hg
A patient that has a decreased cardiac output and poor myocardial contractility is refered to as?
Cardiogenic Shock
What 3 parts make up the Perfusion Triangle?
The Heart, The Vessels and The Blood
What is the normal respiratory rate for an adult?
12-20 breaths/min
What is the rate for an infant's respiratory?
25-50 breaths/min
What are the only 2 circumstances when NOT to perform CPR?
If the scene is not safe and obvious signs of death
An age-related shrinkage creates a void between the brain and the outermost layer of the_________?
Meninges
Cardiopulmonary arrest in children is often the result of__________?
What are the 3 most common examples of Obstructive shock?
Cardiac Tamponade, Tension Pneumothorax and
Pulmonary Embolism
To maintain high-quality compressions, how often should rescuers switching during CPR?
Every 2 Minutes
Complications associated with using a manually triggered ventilation device include?
Lung tissue injury and gastric distention
What does AVPU stand for?
Awake (Patient is awake), Verbal (Responds to verbal stimulus), Pain (Patient responds to pain stimulus) , Unresponsive (Patient is unresponsive to stimulus)
What is it called when psychosocial changes develop of children that make decisions guided by their conscience?
Postconventional Reasoning
A patient that is in hypovolemic shock caused by severe burns is the result of a loss of what within the body?
Plasma
Shock refers to a state of collapse and failure of the cardiovascular system that leads to?
Inadequate Circulation
Abdominal-thrust maneuver (Heimlich) is recommended in responsive adults and children older than______?
1 year
What are the suction times for Adult, Child and Infant?
Adult - 15sec, Child - 10sec & Infant - 5sec
When assessing a patient for signs and symptoms of shock, what is most important to keep in mind?
Blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change
What is the buildup of cholestoral and calcium along the inner walls of the blood vessels, resulting in the formation of plaque known as?
Atherosclerosis
If the child is not breathing but has a pulse, you should open the airway and deliver one breath every________?
3 to 5 seconds (12 to 20 breaths/min).
Diffusion is a passive process in which molecules move from an area with a higher concentration of molecules to an area of?
Lower Concentration
Brain damage is very likely if the brain is without oxygen for_____ minutes?
6-10 minutes
The diaphragm is innervated by the _________ nerve, which allows it to contract.
Phrenic
What would a patients skin appear to look like if they are encountering poor peripheral and circulation?
Ashen
Injury caused by pressure to enclosed body surfaces such as too much pressure in the lungs is called what?
Barotrauma
As elder patients increase with age, they are suspetible to high risks of bleeding in the skull, which occurs due to_______?
Shrinkage of the brain