Bleeding and Shock
What is arterial bleeding?
Bright red, spurting blood that is difficult to control.
What vertebrae control breathing?
Cervical vertebrae C3 - C5.
Open abdominal wound where internal organs protrude.
What is an evisceration?
Standard mechanical splint for a mid-shaft femur fracture.
What is a traction splint?
Head-to-toe trauma assessment mnemonic.
What is DCAP-BTLS?
What is hemorrhagic (hypovolemic) shock?
The type of shock caused by severe blood loss or fluid depletion in trauma patients.
What are hypertension (widening pulse pressure), bradycardia, and irregular respirations?
The three clinical signs that make up Cushing’s Triad, indicating severe intracranial pressure (ICP).
JVD, absent lung sounds, tracheal deviation.
What is a tension pneumothorax?
Grinding sensation when broken bones rub together.
What is crepitus?
Scale to evaluate Eye, Verbal, and Motor responses.
What is the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)?
What is a tourniquet?
A device used only as a last resort to control life-threatening extremity bleeding when direct pressure fails.
What is a modified jaw-thrust maneuver?
The proper manual airway maneuver to use on a trauma patient suspected of having a cervical spine injury.
Segment of rib cage moving paradoxically during breathing.
What is a flail chest?
Large piece of skin torn loose or left hanging as a flap.
What is an avulsion?
The golden time frame to get a trauma patient to surgery.
What is the Golden Hour?
What is Beck’s triad (pericardial tamponade)?
This classic triad of signs includes jugular vein distension (JVD), muffled heart tones, and hypotension.
What is a spinal cord injury?
A priapism (persistent erection) in a male trauma patient is a strong clinical indicator of this type of injury.
Referred pain felt in the left shoulder tip, known classically as Kehr's sign, is a primary clinical indicator of a ruptured or injured abdominal organ of this type.
What is the spleen?
The only impaled object an EMT can remove in the field.
Object in the cheek / obstructing airway.
The physical or environmental forces acting on the body.
What is mechanism of injury (MOI)?
What is neurogenic shock?
This form of distributive shock results from a spinal cord injury causing widespread vasodilation and a loss of sympathetic tone.
This physical sign, consisting of bruising behind the ears over the mastoid process, is a delayed indicator of a basilar skull fracture that usually takes 24 to 48 hours to appear following trauma.
What is Battle's sign?
Lack of bowel sounds in the abdomen, with distention?
What is Internal Bleeding?
Pelvic ring disruption known as an "open book" fracture.
What is a symphysis pubis disruption?
This physiological finding—defined as a respiratory rate under 8 or over 28 breaths per minute (or requiring ventilatory support) in an adult patient —automatically classifies a patient as a high-risk
What is respiratory distress (or abnormal respiratory rate)?