Explicit vs. Implicit Memories
What do we call memories we can consciously know and declare?
Explicit / declarative memories
Automatic processing happens without what?
Without Us Knowing/Being Aware
What kind of sensory memory is visual (Iconic or Echoic)?
Iconic Memory
7 pieces (+/- 2)
What is chunking?
Organization of information into subgroups to help with recall
What type of processing creates explicit memories?
Conscious Effortful Processing
Name one of the three things our brain automatically tracks.
- Space
- Time
- Frequency
3-4 seconds
short-term memory fades without _________
Active processing
What are mneumonics? Give one example?
Recall of information through assosiation (rhymes, acronyms, images)
Examples include: PEMDAS, FANBOYS conjunctions...
Which memory system handles information "behind the scenes" without conscious effort?
Implicit / Nondeclarative Memories
What kind of memory includes skills such as riding a bike?
Procedural Memory
What happened (during hte Sperling's letter experiment) when the cue tone was delayed by over 0.5 seconds?
how long did it take for people to forget the three letter sequences during the Peterson study?
12 seconds
What studying strategy is more effective for long-term memory?
a. Cramming
b.Distributed practice
c. Re-reading highlighted notes
Distributed practice
What term describes how our mind uses both effortful and automatic systems to encode, retain, and retrieve information?
Two-Track Mind
What type of learning forms conditioned associations that become implicit memories?
Classical Conditioning
How did Sperling cue participants to report letters?
By associating the letters from the given row with the tone sounded.
What happens to working memory when we switch tasks?