Emancipation Proclamation
How many times did Lincoln issue the EP?
Two times
What is a constitutional amendment?
a minor change or addition designed to improve the text of the U.S. Constitution
What are the Bill of Rights?
the 1st 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution
Name a government that uses the federal system.
U.S., Argentina, Australia, Brazil, India, Mexico, Germany, Nigeria
What is the meaning/morphology of reconstruction?
to build again together
Formerly enslaved people wanted to own land but had no money to buy it; former enslavers wanted cheap labor to work their land. After the practice of enslavement was abolished, a new farming system started. What was it called?
sharecropping
Who created the "checks and balances" system?
the framers/writers of the Constitution
South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina
How is a Constitutional amendment different than a Proclamation?
A proclamation is not binding and does not have to be enforced or adopted.
Which amendment is essential to activists and individuals trying to change a social issue?
1st
1. Umbrella
2. Parents and children
Why did President Andrew Johnson have authority during the Reconstruction period directly after the end of the Civil War?
Lincoln was assassinated and was not able to fulfill his own Reconstruction plan
During early Presidential Reconstruction, practices such as segregating hospitals, hotels, and schools OR collecting poll taxes to vote began. What were these called?
Black Code
What is one power the judicial branch has over the other 2 branches?
judicial review - overturning a law, treaty, executive action
The EP demonstrated that the shift in objectives for the Civil War. It was no longer "to preserve the union" but to what?
To end slavery completely for both the North and the South
Which amendment established the right of all citizens to vote?
the 15th
Why do witnesses in a trial "plead the 5th?"
They want to protect themselves from revealing information about a crime they have committed.
Define federalism.
1. pertaining to or of the nature of a union of states under as central government
2. 2 systems of government working in tandem - one central + regional governments
What was the purpose of Congress' Freedmen's Bureau?
to support people who had just been released from slavery to reunite with family; to help them find homes, land, education
Why was sharecropping an unfair system?
1. landowners - max profits/ sharecroppers - min profits
2. black farmers had to borrow money to buy supplies
3. contingent upon crop season
How does an amendment to the Constitution happen?
2/3 of Senate and 2/3 of House AND 3/4 of States to ratify
Who suggested waiting until the Union was winning the Civil War to reissue the EP?
William Seward
Which amendment granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States?
the 14th
How many of our 1st 10 amendments protect individuals who are suspected of a crime?
5th, 6th, 7th, 8th
(4th? Are they suspected of crimes?)
How do our regional (state) governments interact with our federal government?
governors
state representatives
senators
our votes
What was one of Pres. Johnson's requirements of southern (traitorous) states to rejoin the Union?
1. establish new state government with new constitution
2. ratify/approve the 13th Amendment
3. swear allegiance to the Union/loyalty of Oath
4. pay off war debt
5. repeal the Act of Secession
With which "smaller crimes" were freedmen targeted? Name 2.
spitting, loitering, stealing a pig or a fence rail, vagrancy/unemployment, walking along the RR, selling crops after dark
How does the executive branch enact its power over the judicial branch?
The president chooses federal judges/Supreme Court justices
How did the emancipation of African-Americans benefit the Union army and navy?
African-Americans now could join the forces to help win the Civil War
What was the glaring loophole of the 13th Amendment to our Constitution?
Slavery was abolished except for in cases of criminal conviction.
In terms of protection of citizens, why are the Bill of Rights so important?
The BoR limits the powers that the government has over individuals.
What does the root/stem of "federal" mean?
foedus - treaty, pact, coventant
What things needed to be "reconstructed?"
Southern economy
Southern lands
social structure to in clude freedmen
Which horrible practice is referred to in the documentary as "Slavery by Another Name?"
convict-leasing
Name the purposes of 2 branches of the government.
executive - enacts/enforces the law
judicial - interprets law
legislative - makes law