Ethical Frameworks & Reasoning
This ethical theory judges the morality of an action solely by its consequences, aiming for the greatest good for the greatest number.
Consequentialism / Utilitarianism
This term refers to something "being important or worthy of attention for ethical decision-making or evaluation"
Ethical significance / salience
What framework outlines how to achieve a peaceful society, including "Well-Functioning Government," "Equitable Distribution of Resources," and "Free Flow of Information"?
The ________________ (5 more words, must be exact)
The Eight Pillars of Positive Peace
This type of value is described as having "value in itself, just because it exists".
Intrinsic
This classic thought experiment involves diverting a runaway vehicle from five people to one person by pulling a switch
The Trolley Problem
This ethical framework locates morality in certain duties and rights, emphasizing adherence to universal moral rules regardless of outcomes.
Deontology
This concept suggests that "all of our actions are determined by what's already happened".
Determinism
Who wrote this?
Furthermore, not only do the origination, growth, and marring of the habits come from and by the same circumstances, but also the acts of working after the habits are formed will be exercised on the same
Aristotle
The two main ethical stances regarding the value of the natural world are...
One of these can be broken down into 3 versions. Bonus points if you name all 3.
Anthropocentrism & Biocentrism
Weak, Strong, & Enlightened Anthropocentrism
This philosopher is known for proposing a method to measure pleasure and pain based on factors such as intensity, duration, and certainty.
Jeremy Bentham
This type of ethics asks, "What kind of person should you be?" or "What kind of person do you become if you act in a certain way?"
Virtue Ethics
This term defines "something a person does NOT do," as opposed to "something a person does".
Ommission
Who wrote this?
As the son who does not reverently discharge his duty to his father but greatly wounds his father's heart; and the father who cannot love his son but hates him; as the younger brother who does not regard the manifest will of Heaven and refuses to respect his elder brother and the elder brother who does not think of the toil of their parents in bringing up their children and hates his younger brother.
Confucius
This definition of personhood recognizes that individuals can have different levels of moral standing based on their cognitive abilities.
Gradient personhood
This type of ethical consumerism involves individuals attempting to avoid participation in systems they deem unjust.
Clean Hands Ethical Consumerism
What is the first formulation of the Categorical Imperative?
Universalize your maxim
Random, non-category question: name one fake country that was invented for this class. You may only write one answer.
Novaria / Zyrenthia
Who wrote this? (There are two answers, so you can earn double points if you write both.)
The Difference Principle asserts that inequalities should be structured to maximize the welfare of the least well-off in society.
Jonathan Rawls / ChatGPT
Social Change Ethical Consumerism involves the Proto-Legislative view. What does "Proto-Legislative" mean in this context?
"ethical consumerism should be viewed as a form of legislative endeavor within the wider political process rather than a private purchasing decision"
What are the 3 purposes of a wage?
reward, incentive, price for labor
This form of reasoning moves from specific evidence to a hypothesized general rule, which "may be true".
Inductive reasoning
This belief reconciles free will and determinism by stating that "we're free to choose to the extent that we have control".
Compatabilism
Who wrote this?
We are different so that we can know our need of one another, for no one is ultimately self-sufficient. The completely self-sufficient person would be sub-human.
Archbishop Desmond Tutu
The Chinese philosopher Mozi insisted that the fundamental cause of disorder in the world is "want of mutual love" and advocated for this principle to establish an orderly society.
Universal Love
What two kinds of empathy exist?
Bonus points: Which one is more likely to be developed in a narrative?
Cognitive & Affective
Affective