Quantum Chemistry
Acids and Bases
Equilibrium
Solutions
Heat/Enthalpy
100
The Shell and Sub-shell every element has for its first electron

1s

100

Is a Bronsted-Lowry base a proton donor or proton acceptor?

bases are proton acceptors

100

Show the Kw expression for the auto-ionization of water

H2O <--> H+ + OH-

Kw = [H+][OH-]

100

What is the mathematical definition of  Molarity?

moles of solute / Volume (L) of solution

100

How many calories are in a food Calorie?

What is the equivalent unit to a food Calorie?

1000 calories = 1 Calorie

a food Calorie is also known as a kilocalorie (kcal)

200

How many 3s, 3p, and 3d orbitals exist for an electron in n=3 energy level?

(3s) = 1-s orbital, (3p) 3-p orbitals, (3d)-5-d orbitals


200

Write a balanced chemical equation for ammonia + water (weak base in water) on the board to show a hydroxide ion as a product. You must show a conservation of charge

NH3 + H2O --> NH4+ + OH-

200

Show the Ka expression for the partial ionization of HCN in water

HCN <--> H+ + CN-

Ka = [H+][CN-] / [HCN]

200

What is the mathematical definition of the concentration unit % (m/m)

Show how you'd apply this to find the % concentration of 20 g NaCl dissolved in 80 g of water.

mass of solute/mass of solution x 100%

20 g NaCl/ (20 g NaCl + 80 g Water) 

x 100% = 20% NaCl

200

Explain why you can't use q = MCDT

(heat = m-CAT) to find the heat associated with melting or boiling a substance

q = MCDT is only appropriate to use when finding the heat associated with an observation of temperature change. Melting and Boiling are changes in state which occur at stable temperatures.

300

What chemical families (groups) are exceptions when writing electron configurations? What is the rule for these elements

d4 and d9 familes. Promote 1 electron from the s-subshell into the d-subshell

300

draw the chemical structure of acetic acid and circle the proton that is donated

CH3 group connected to C=O. The carbonyl carbon is connect to OH. The H of the OH is the protic hydrogen

300

Show the Kb expression for the partial ionization of ammonia in water

NH3 + H2O <--> NH4+ + OH-

Kb = [NH4+][OH-] / [NH3]

300

Whenever you want to find out how many moles of solute are dissolved in an aqueous solution what mathematical approach would you take?

Multiplying the volume of solution x the concentration in molarity units = moles of solute alone

MV = n

300

Explain what this equation communicates

-q (system) = +q (surroundings)

The heat energy that is released from a warmer substances is equal to the same heat energy that is absorbed by the cooler substance it is in contact with.

400
Draw the dxz and dyz orbitals on the board. What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the dxz orbital?

dxz - clover on the xz plane, dyz - clover on the yz plane, 2 electrons max - Pauli Exclusion Principle

400

Name 3 strong acids and their chemical formula

HCl, HBr, HI, H2SO4, HNO3, HClO4, HClO3

400

What is the definition of pH? Write it and say it in words

pH = -log [H+]

The pH is equal to the negative log of the hydrogen ion (proton or hydronium ion) concentration.

400

Describe what a standardization titration is involving KHP. (What's the point of it)

a standardization titration is a titration to find the concentration of a solution using a known standard to titrate against such as measuring the mass of KHP directly which is accurate and precise.

400

Explain the different circumstances you would use the following two similar equations

q(system) = -q(surroundings)


q(reaction) = -q(calorimeter)


q(system) = -q(surroundings) - used to find one of the following variables mass, specific heat, or temperature change of two substances in contact with each other

q(reaction) = -q(calorimeter) - Used to find the heat of a reaction through the temperature change of the water in a calorimeter


500

How many electrons max can occupy the n=4 energy level?

4s = 2, 4p = 6, 4d = 10, 4f = 14 = 32 total electrons

500

In The equation

CO3^2- + H2O <--> HCO3- + OH-

Explain how bicarbonate ion is either the conjugate base or the conjugate acid of carbonate ion.

CO3^2 acts as a weak base as it accepts a H+ from water, making HCO3- it's conjugate acid.

500

To find the concentration of base (OH's) from a pH meter, what do you have to do if using 10^-x =[X] method?

you'd have to subtract pH from 14 = pOH and then

10^-pOH = [OH-]


500

Name two methods of finding the concentration of an unknown HCl solution that you had a lab experience with in Chem 1A

1. Titration with base

2. pH meter 10^-pH = [H+] 

and [H+] = [HCl]

500

Set up the equation that would solve for the specific heat of a metal in a coffee cup calorimetry experiment

-q (hot metal) = +q (cool water)

-(m x Cs x DT) of metal = (m x Cs x DT) of water

Solve for Cs of metal

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