Inheritance
What word do we use to describe the physical characteristics of an organism (what does it look like)?
phenotype
What is the total magnification of a microscope that has an eyepiece lens of x5 magnification and an objective lens of x20?
x100
What do we call the layer of fatty insulation around an axon?
Myelin sheath
Which organisation describes health as "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being"?
WHO
World Health Organisation
In which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell?
metaphase
Cystic fibrosis is a recessive genetic disorder. "F" is the dominant allele and "f" is the recessive allele.
What genotype(s) would result in a person having cystic fibrosis?
ff
Which part of a microscope do we move to get a clear image of the specimen?
Focusing wheel
Which type of neurones do not have a dendron?
motor neurones AND relay neurones
How are communicable diseases different from non-communicable diseases?
Any from:
Communicable are spread from person to person.
Communicable are caused by pathogens.
You can't inherit communicable diseases.
In which stage of mitosis are the chromosomes pulled away from each other, to either end of the cell?
anaphase
Cystic fibrosis is a recessive genetic disorder. "F" is the dominant allele and "f" is the recessive allele.
What would be the the genotype for someone who was heterozygous for the disorder?
Ff
When preparing slides for microscopy, what can we add to the specimen to make it more visible?
A stain.
(eg iodine, methylene blue)
In which direction does an impulse travel in a neurone?
Any from:
From the cell body through the axon.
From dendrites, or dendron, towards the cell body.
How could you reduce the spread of a communicable disease, such as Covid-19?
any from:
Vaccinations - to increase immunity and reduce the chances of someone catching it
Social distancing / wearing mask / regular hand washing - will help prevent spread of the pathogen from person to person.
In which stage of the cell cycle does the cell divide into two?
Describe the process of selective breeding.
Select the individuals that have the desired characteristic.
Only let those individuals reproduce.
Select the offspring with the desired characteristic.
Let them reproduce.
Repeat.
A potato chip with mass 4.30g was placed in a sugar solution. After 30 minutes its mass was 4.54g.
Calculate the percentage change in mass.
4.54 - 4.30 = 0.24
0.24 / 4.30 = 0.0558
0.0558 x 100
= 5.58%
Why do we have a "reflex arc"?
It's a process that helps to protect us from harm as a response to danger.
The impulses don't go to the brain,
to speed up the response.
Explain two ways that "physical" barriers protect people from diseases.
any from:
mucus - traps pathogens
cilia in respiratory system - move mucus and pathogens out of the body
skin - thick covering / waterproof so pathogens can't get in
tears - wash pathogens away
nose hairs - trap pathogens
blood clots / scabs - cover wounds to stop entry
Why do we need to produce new cells by mitosis
For growth
For repair
Cystic fibrosis is a recessive genetic disorder. "F" is the dominant allele and "f" is the recessive allele.
If two heterozygous parents had a child, what is the percentage probability that it would have cystic fibrosis?
(you may want to draw a Punnett square)
25%
A potato chip was placed in a sugar solution for 30 minutes, during this time it gained mass. Explain why.
Water moved into the potato cells,
by osmosis
Describe how an impulse crosses the gap between two neurones.
Include the name of the gap, any chemicals and how they get across the gap.
The first neurone releases NEUROTRANSMITTERS
which DIFFUSE
across the SYNAPSE
triggering an impulse in the next neurone
Explain two ways that "chemical" defences protect people from disease.
lysozymes (in tears / saliva / mucus) - kill some bacteria
hydrochloric acid in the stomach - kills many pathogens
antibodies on mucus producing areas - can kill pathogens
In which stage of the cell cycle is the DNA copied?
Interphase