Vocabulary
A series of Christian invasions of the Muslim caliphates along the Mediterranean; also, a powerful campaign for some kind of change.
What are Crusades?
Who was the Christian religious leader who called for people to go defend the Byzantine Empire and participate in the First Crusade?
Who is Pope Urban II?
This was the king of Anglo-Saxon England before his death in 1066.
Edward the Confessor
The population of England in the 1100s was mostly made up of this class of people, the bottom level of the feudal system.
What were peasants?
Historians rely on artifacts from a time period, writings or drawings from people who were there, or even audio interviews to make sense of what really happened. These items are also called...
What are primary sources?
The region along the eastern Mediterranean sea that contains modern-day Lebanon, Jordan, Syria, and Israel/Palestine
What is the Levant?
Who was the main empire that the Byzantines and the First Crusaders were fighting against?
Who are the Seljuk Turks?
What language did the Normans speak when they invaded England? This language began to influence English in some ways.
What is French?
This popular online multiplayer game involves players working together on a spaceship while trying to identify and eliminate impostors among the crew.
What is Among Us?
This Muslim leader was able to unite Muslim forces against the Crusaders and retake Jerusalem in 1187.
Who was Saladin?
An English king ordered the completion of this survey to know how much land/valuable stuff was in his kingdom.
What is the Domesday Book?
The Crusades are sometimes called this, a term for a conflict fought for religious reasons
What is a Holy War?
The three people fighting for the throne in 1066 were Hardold Goodwinson, William of Normandy, and this Viking leader
Who was Harald Hardrada?
This institution was among the most powerful forces in Europe and England in the Middle Ages. Almost everyone belonged to it and its religion guided many parts of society.
What is the Christian or Catholic Church?
After the First Crusade, the Europeans remained in the Levant region and controlled several pieces of territory. They called these lands they conquered, or colonized, the...
This is a type of trip or journey someone goes on for religious reasons, usually to reach a holy site or location.
What is a pilgrimage?
Aside from Jerusalem, these cities were also captured by the Crusaders.
What are Nicea, Edessa, or Antioch?
This massive castle was built during the time of William of Normandy to help solidify his rule over England. It is still standing today and you can visit as a tourist!
What is the tower of London?
Before the Medeival or Anglo-Saxon periods of English history, this group/culture conquered and then influenced the culture of England. At one time, this was the most powerful empire around the Mediterranean.
Who were the Romans?
One effect of the Crusades was creating negative images and stories about Muslims. This kind of bigotry is still around today and is used against followers of Islam and immigrants from the Middle East.
What is Islamophobia?
Most of the governments we learned about could be called this, where a king or queen rules with abolute authority. Some countries still have these today, but the "royal" families usually do not have real political power. (Hint: NOT feudalism!)
What is a monarchy?
Just before the First Crusade officially took off, this group of mainly untrained peasants led by a monk named Peter the Hermit tried to attack the Muslims on their own in an event called...
What is the People's Crusade?
During the Norman Conquest, the regions of Yorkshire, Northumberland, and other lords refused to accept William as king. In response, William and his army burned, killed, and destroyed many of the communities and this campaign was known as...
What is the Harrying of the North?
These religious buildings were the homes of groups of monks who usually lived secluded lives. These buildings were also often centers for education, healthcare, providing goods to the poor, and other help to Medieval communities.
What are monestaries?
This monk broke away from the Catholic Church in the 1500s and helped start the Protestant Reformation. (He will be pretty important at the start of Y8)
Who was Martin Luther?