Math
You flip a fair coin. This is the probability, written as a fraction, that it lands on heads.
P(heads)=1/2
This type of energy is stored in an object due to its position, like a roller coaster paused at the top of a hill.
potential energy
In Lois Lowry's The Giver, this is the main character who is selected to be the next Receiver of Memory.
This ancient civilization gave us the roots of democracy, the Olympic Games, and famous philosophers like Socrates.
Ancient Greece
This is the ultimate source of energy for almost all life and ecosystems on Earth.
The sun
Solve for x in this one-step equation: x - 12 = 15.
x=27
In an ecosystem, organisms like plants that make their own food using sunlight are called this.
producers (or autotrophs)
This poetic device is an exaggeration used for emphasis, such as saying, "My backpack weighs a ton!"
Hyperbole
This massive, ancient defensive wall was built to protect China's northern border from invaders.
Great Wall of China
This famous Roman general turned dictator was famously assassinated on the "Ides of March" (March 15th).
Julius Caesar
A map has a scale of 1 inch = 5 miles. If two cities are 6 inches apart on the map, this is their actual distance in miles.
30 miles
This is the hot, liquid rock found beneath the Earth's surface before it erupts.
Magma
In writing, this is the sentence (usually at the end of your introduction) that states the main argument or point of your entire essay.
Thesis/Claim
This strict, hereditary social class system was a major feature of ancient Indian society.
Caste System
Solve this inequality: 2x > 10.
x>5
Solve for y in this two-step equation: 3y + 4 = 19.
y=5
According to the 10% rule in an energy pyramid, if producers have 1,000 units of energy, this is how much energy is passed on to the primary consumers.
100 units
In The Giver, this is the first painful memory that Jonas receives.
Sunburn
This architectural marvel was a massive amphitheater in Rome where gladiators fought for public entertainment.
Colosseum
This type of conflict happens inside a character's own mind, such as a character struggling to make a tough decision.
internal conflict OR character vs. self
When graphing the inequality x < -2 on a number line, you use this type of circle (open or closed) and arrow pointing in this direction.
Open circle, pointing to the left
This type of rock is formed from the cooling and solidification of molten rock.
igneous rock
This is the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words close together, like "Seven silly students slept."
Alliteration
This ancient trade route connected China to the Mediterranean world, allowing for the exchange of goods, culture, and ideas.
Silk Road
If a tectonic plate moves at a scale of 2 centimeters per year, this is how many meters it will move in 100 years.
2 meters (Math check: 2 cm x 100 = 200 cm, which equals 2 meters!)