Definition
What is the stage of chronic kidney disease in which the kidneys fail to function effectively, requiring dialysis or transplantation for survival?
What is End Stage Renal Disease?
True or False: ESRD predominantly affects individuals under 30 years old.
False.
Rationale: ESRD predominantly affects older adults rather than younger individuals.
What is the leading cause of ESRD in the United States?
What is uncontrolled Diabetes?
Rationale: Diabetes is the leading cause of ESRD due to the damage high blood sugar levels can cause to the kidneys over time.
What is the treatment method that involves filtering blood through a machine outside the body?
What is hemodialysis?
Rationale: Hemodialysis is a treatment that involves a machine and a dialyzer to clean the blood, commonly used for ESRD patients.
What is a common dietary restriction for patients with ESRD?
What is sodium and fluid restriction?
Rationale: Patients with ESRD often need to limit sodium and fluid intake to help manage fluid retention and reduce the workload on the kidneys.
This term describes a kidney function with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) below 15 mL/min/1.73 m².
What is ESRD/ESKD?
Which demographic factors increase the risk of developing end-stage renal disease? (Select all that apply: Age, Gender, Ethnicity)
What is Age & Ethnicity?
Rationale: Older age and certain ethnicities (such as African Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans) have a higher prevalence of end-stage renal disease due to various socioeconomic and genetic factors.
This condition, characterized by high blood pressure, is one of the primary causes of ESRD.
What is uncontrolled hypertension?
Rationale: High blood pressure can cause damage to the blood vessels in the kidneys, reducing their ability to function properly and leading to ESRD.
This type of dialysis uses the lining of the abdomen to filter blood inside the body.
What is peritoneal dialysis?
Rationale: This type of dialysis uses the lining of the abdomen, called the peritoneum, as a natural filter to clear wastes and extra fluid from the blood.
Name a psychological challenge that many patients with ESRD face.
What is depression?
Rationale: Many ESRD patients experience depression due to the chronic nature of the disease and its impact on their quality of life.
At this stage of kidney disease, the kidneys are unable to remove waste and excess water from the body.
What is ESRD?
Rationale: At this stage, the kidneys are no longer able to remove waste and excess water from the body effectively, which can lead to severe symptoms and complications requiring dialysis or a kidney transplant.
What comorbid conditions are most associated with higher rates of ESRD?
What is diabetes and hypertension?
Rationale: These are the two most common comorbid conditions that lead to ESRD, contributing to the majority of the cases due to their impact on kidney function over time.
Name two less common causes of ESRD that are not diabetes or hypertension.
What is Glomerulonephritis and polycystic kidney disease?
Rationale: These conditions are examples of less common causes of ESRD. Glomerulonephritis involves inflammation of the kidney's filtering units, and polycystic kidney disease is characterized by the growth of numerous cysts filled with fluid in the kidneys.
What role does a nurse play in managing the fluid intake of ESRD patients?
What is documenting I&O’s?
Rationale: Managing fluid intake involves monitoring the patient's fluid intake and output to prevent fluid overload, which is critical in ESRD. Accurate fluid balance is essential to avoid complications like hypertension and pulmonary edema in this patient population.
Identify a common cardiovascular complication in patients with end-stage renal disease and discuss how it impacts patient management.
What is heart failure? It requires the nurse to carefully monitor fluid and electrolyte balance, blood pressure, and diligent regulation of dietary intake, especially salt and fluid restrictions.
Rationale: Heart failure is prevalent among ESRD patients due to fluid overload and decreased cardiac function, which are exacerbated by the kidneys' failure to efficiently manage fluid and electrolyte balance.
Describe how a nurse manages anemia in patients with end-stage renal disease and explain why this management is critical.
What is through the administration of erythropoietin and iron supplements, monitoring hemoglobin levels, and adjusting medications based on lab results and patient response.
Rationale: Anemia is a common complication of ESRD due to the kidneys' reduced ability to produce erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production. Managing anemia effectively is crucial as it helps improve patient energy levels, cognitive function, and overall cardiovascular health.
What is the name of the instrument used to assess quality of life in kidney disease patients?
What is the Kidney Disease Quality of Life instrument (KDQOL)?
Rationale: This tool is used to assess the impact of kidney disease on the quality of life of patients, helping guide treatment choices and improve outcomes.
Explain the process a nurse would follow to prevent infections in ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis and describe why this prevention is crucial.
What is by ensuring aseptic technique during vascular access handling, regularly inspecting access sites for signs of infection, and educating patients on personal hygiene and care of access sites.
Rationale: Infection prevention is crucial in hemodialysis patients due to their increased vulnerability to infections, which can lead to serious complications, including sepsis and increased mortality.
Identify an evidence-based practice tool used to evaluate depression in patients with chronic kidney disease.
What is the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)?
Rationale: This tool is commonly used to assess the severity of depression in patients with chronic illnesses like ESRD, facilitating appropriate psychological interventions.