Diabetes
What are the four classifications of diabetes?
type 1, type 2, gestational, prediabetes
What are the three "P's" of diabetes symptoms?
polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
What are the five components of medical management for diabetes?
nutrition, exercise, monitoring, pharmacologic therapy, education
conventional and intensive
What can cause hypoglycemia?
What type of diabetes is insulin dependent?
type 1 but a majority of people with diabetes are not insulin dependent type 1
What are some risk factors of type 2 diabetes?
select all that apply
a. genetics
b. hypertension
c. hdl< 35mg/dL
d. race
e. hx of gestational diabetes or babies >9lbs
B.hypertension, c. hdl<35, e. hx of gestational diabetes or babies >9lbs
True or false
a diabetic person should maintain a set meal schedule and snack
true
When is the best time to give rapid acting insulin?
right before mealtime as the tray is in front of them
What is the rule of 15 when your pt is hypoglycemic?
15g carb snack recheck blood glucose in 15 minutes
True or false
most women that obtain gestational diabetes during pregnancy remain a diabetic after giving birth
false, but they are more inclined to later on be diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
An A1C level of 5.8 signifies what?
prediabetes
true or false
BG > 250mg/dL and ketones are present in the urine pt is fine to begin access
false, pt should wait til there is no ketonees and BG is closer to normal
Humalog and lisipro are in the body for how long?
3-5 hours
What is a severe complication of hyperglycemia?
diabetic coma
True or false
type 2 diabetes is genetic and quicky progressing
false, type 2 can usually be maintenanced by lifestyle changes and is not genetic and is slowly progressive
true or false
you should fast before having an a1c blood draw
false- it wont make a difference because an a1c goes back 3 months
What should you teach your pt that is on exogenous insulin to do before exercising?
eat a 15g carb snack beforehand to prevent hypoglycemia
methods of insulin delivery
select all that apply
A. SQ injections
B. Iv
C. insulin pens
d. orally
e. implantable insulin pumps
A. SQ injections, C. insulin pens, e. implantable insulin pumps
What are you likely to find in your pts urine that has gone untreated for hyperglycemia?
ketones
True or false
prediabetes is guaranteed to progress into full blown diabetes
false it can be prevented with lifestyle changes like diet and exercise
What is a normal blood glucose level?
60-110
True or false
nonnutritive sweeteners are a good alternative for people with diabetes
false these are actually misleading
When is the peak for regualr insulin?
2-5 hours
In an emergency situation you are talking to a pt and you expect they are hyperglycemic die to their ______ breath
fruity smelling