Cell Signalling
his structure on or inside a cell binds specifically to a signalling molecule.
What is a receptor?
Cells communicate with each other mainly to maintain this stable internal conditions.
What is homeostasis?
This brain structure monitors body temperature, thirst, and hormone regulation
What is the hypothalamus?
Insulin is released by this organ to help lower blood glucose levels.
What is the pancreas?
This type of signalling occurs when a cell releases chemicals that act on nearby cells.
What is paracrine signalling?
These molecules travel through the body to send messages between cells
What are signalling molecules (or hormones)
This body system uses electrical impulses to rapidly communicate with organs and muscles.
What is the peripheral nervous system?
These are the three key components of a homeostatic cycle
What are the receptor, control center, and effector?
This hormone is known as the “fight or flight” hormone.
What is adrenaline (epinephrine)?
This type of signalling occurs when a cell sends signals to itself.
What is autocrine signalling?
In a water-soluble signalling pathway, the signalling molecule binds to this part of the cell because it cannot pass through the membrane
What is the cell membrane receptor?
The peripheral nervous system is divided into these two major division
What are the somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system?
This type of feedback loop reverses a change to return the body to normal
What is negative feedback?
When blood glucose rises after eating, this feedback mechanism helps return levels to normal.
What is negative feedback?
Hormones travelling through the bloodstream to distant target cells is an example of this type of signalling.
What is endocrine signalling?
This can happen if receptors are damaged or missing, preventing cells from responding properly to signals.
What is disrupted cell communication (or disease)?
This gland acts as the “master gland” of the endocrine system and is controlled by the hypothalamus
What is the pituitary gland
Childbirth contractions are an example of this type of feedback loop
What is positive feedback?
This gland in the neck produces hormones that regulate metabolism.
What is the thyroid gland?
Water-soluble signalling molecules usually bind to receptors located here.
What is the cell membrane?
Arrange these steps in order: cellular response, receptor activation, signalling molecule binding, second messenger activation.
What is: signalling molecule binding → receptor activation → second messenger activation → cellular response?
During body temperature regulation, sweating is an example of this part of the homeostatic cycle.
What is an effector response?