GI Tract
This organ produces bile, detoxifies blood, and stores glucose.
What is the liver?
This gland is known as the "master gland" because it controls other endocrine glands
What is the pituitary gland?
This hormone helps glucose enter cells from the bloodstream.
What is insulin?
This hormone is released during stress and helps regulate metabolism and inflammation
What is cortisol?
This digestive organ also plays a role in blood sugar regulation by releasing insulin and glucagon
What is the pancreas?
This semi-liquid substance is formed in the stomach and released into the small intestine
What is chyme?
This hormone, stored in the posterior pituitary, increases water reabsorption in the kidneys.
What is antidiuretic hormone or ADH?
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by this issue with insulin
What is little to no insulin production?
This hormone is involved in social bonding and is released from the posterior pituitary.
What is oxytocin?
This hormone is produced in the hypothalamus but stored in the pituitary
What is ADH?
These structures in the small intestine increase surface area for nutrient absorption
What are villi and microvilli?
This gland produces T3 and T4, which regulate metabolism.
What is the thyroid gland?
This medication lowers glucose production in the liver and improves insulin sensitivity.
What is metformin?
This hormone is released when blood sugar is low and raises glucose levels.
What is glucagon?
This digestive organ supports the immune system and contains beneficial bacteria.
What is the large intestine
This organ produces enzymes for digestion and also regulates blood sugar.
What is the pancreas?
This hormone is released by the adrenal cortex and helps regulate blood pressure and electrolytes.
What is aldosterone?
Name two symptoms of diabetes that result from hyperglycemia.
What are polyuria and increased thirst?
Describe the negative feedback loop involving TSH and thyroid hormones.
What is TSH stimulates T3/T4, which inhibit TSH and TRH when levels are high?
This hormone helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle and is produced by the pineal gland
What is melatonin?
Explain how the mouth initiates both mechanical and chemical digestion.
What is chewing for mechanical digestion and salivary enzymes for chemical digestion?
Name two hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary and their target glands.
What are TSH → thyroid, FSH → ovaries/testes?)
Explain how exercise helps regulate blood sugar in diabetic patients.
What is increased glucose uptake by muscles and improved insulin sensitivity?
A high TSH level with low T3/T4 suggests what endocrine disorder?
What is primary hypothyroidism?
Explain how the digestive and endocrine systems interact in diabetes.
What is the pancreas producing insulin and enzymes, linking digestion and glucose regulation?