Thyroid
The condition in which the thyroid enlarges but not due to infection, neoplasm, or other thyroid disorders.
What is a simple goiter?
Kidney stones and osteoporosis are commonly associated with this condition.
What is hyperparathyroidism?
This condition results from hypercortisolism and causes “moon face” and “buffalo hump.”
What is Cushing syndrome?
The form of diabetes where the body does not produce insulin (insulin deficiency).
What is Type 1 diabetes?
This syndrome is characterized by enlarged ovarian cysts and irregular menstrual cycles.
What is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)?
The autoimmune disease that is the most common form of hyperthyroidism.
What is Graves' disease?
Hyperparathyroidism causes excessive secretion of PTH leads to elevated blood calcium levels, a condition known as this.
What is hypercalcemia?
Inadequate production of cortisol and androgens due to adrenal insufficiency.
What is Addison disease?
The form of diabetes strongly linked to obesity, inactivity, and insulin resistance.
What is Type 2 diabetes?
Women with PCOS often have elevated levels of this hormone relative to FSH.
What is luteinizing hormone (LH)?
The nutrient whose deficiency is the most common cause of a simple goiter.
What is iodine?
This hormone is responsible for regulating calcium by pulling it from the bones.
What is parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
A midnight salivary cortisol test helps diagnose this disorder.
What is Cushing syndrome?
One of the “polys” of diabetes that refers to excessive urination.
What is polyuria?
This is a common symptom across many endocrine disorders involving excessive thirst.
What is polydipsia?
Congenital hypothyroidism leading to growth retardation and developmental delays.
What is cretinism?
Low blood calcium caused by insufficient PTH production or removal of parathyroid tissue.
What is hypocalcemia (or hypoparathyroidism)?
Extreme fatigue, weight loss, hypotension, and nausea describe this chronic adrenal condition.
What is Addision disease?
Diabetes occurring during pregnancy and influenced by placental hormones.
What is gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)?
These are two first‑line lifestyle treatments for PCOS.
What are diet and exercise?
This severe form of hypothyroidism in adults is potentially lethal and causes thickened skin and altered mental status.
What is myxedema?
This condition is often discovered because of incidental bloodwork showing high calcium.
What is hyperparathyroidism?
The life‑threatening emergency requiring immediate IV hydrocortisone, saline, and dextrose.
What is an Addisonian crisis?
The condition caused by low blood sugar due to excess insulin.
What is insulin shock (hypoglycemia)?
This type of feedback loop describes the majority of endocrine gland functions and acts similarly to a thermostat in a home.