Adrenal Glands
Watch for signs of impending crisis such as dizziness, nausea, profuse sweating, elevated heart rate, tremors, and shaking
What are symptoms of an Addison's Crisis?
Insulin is ineffective in action, usually adult onset, can be controlled through diet and exercise.
What is Type ll Diabetes?
Adipose tissue is part of the endocrine system however the fat that surrounds the viscera or organs, especially the liver and pancreas causes this
What causes insulin resistance?
Adrenal glands produce insufficient amounts of the hormone cortisol and sometimes aldosterone
What is Addison's Disease?
Insulin is insufficient in amount secreted, autoimmune, and diabetic ketosis affected, early onset requires insulin pump. No cure
What is Type l Diabetes?
Frequent urination, thirsty, fatigue
Numbness and tingling in hands or feet
What are the signs & symptoms of Diabetes
Hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex can result in excessive production of
What are Glucocorticoids, Mineralocorticoids & Androgens?
transports glucose into the cell for use as energy & assists in storing glucose in the cells as glycogen.
It also stimulates protein synthesis and free fatty acid storage in the fat deposits
What is the function of insulin?
Atherosclerosis
Cardiovascular complications, Retinopathy and nephropathy.
As well as musculoskeletal problems, sensory, motor, and autonomic neuropathies, microvascular and macrovascular disease of nerves and blood vessels
What are Clinical Manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus?
Cushing's syndrome (glucocorticoid excess)
Conn's syndrome (aldosterone excess)
Aldosteronism (aldosterone excess)
What are three major conditions of adrenal-cortical hyperfunction?
The one gland with two functions
Digestive gland – breaks down carbs, proteins, fats
Endocrine gland – release of insulin to control blood sugar
What are the Pancreas functions?
CTS, Dupuytren's contracture, trigger finger, and adhesive capsulitis and the prayer sign
What musculoskeletal dysfunctions occur more frequently in people with diabetes?
This is related to cortisol deficiency only with the gland is still intact, aldosterone is secreted normally, but there is deficient cortisol secretion causing arthralgias, myalgias, and tendon calcification which resolve with treatment of the underlying condition.
Although it is a cortisol deficiency, treatment involves replacement of ACTH and monitoring for fluid and electrolyte imbalances. Too much cortisol replacement can result in the development of Cushing's syndrome
What is Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency?
Chronic, systemic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia (excessive glucose in the blood) and disruption of the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
What is Diabetes Mellitis?
Semmes- Weinstein monofiliment testing
What test assesses protective sensation in the foot?