Sugar Sugar
This type of Diabetes is more prone to developing DKA
What is DM Type I
These are clinical findings supporting a diagnosis of Cushing's Disease
What are potbelly, alopecia, muscle atrophy, 3 P's, thin skin bruises easily, comedones (acne)
A lack of ADH secretion is the underlying mechanism of this disease
What is Diabetes Insipidus (DI)
These electrolyte imbalances are expected for clients diagnosed with Addison's Disease.
What are Hyponatremia, Hypoglycemia, & Hyperkalemia
(resulting from the adrenal glands not producing enough cortisol and aldosterone)
Classic presentation of Hyperthyroidism include this analogy
What is "hot and fast"?
(Diaphoresis, palpitations, chest pain, heat intolerance, weight loss, tachycardia, hypertension, weight loss, tremors)
These are the two main causes of CKD
What are hypertension and diabetes
A client in an MVA, sustained an irreversible spinal cord injury preventing movement below the injury.
The injury is called a complete __________ of the spinal cord
What is a complete TRANSECTION of....
The absolute must haves to diagnose Diabetic Ketoacidosis
What are hyperglycemia, ketonuria, glucosuria, & metabolic acidosis
These clients are at highest risk for developing Cushing's Syndrome.
Who are those on chronic long-term steroids?
The client diagnosed with diabetes insipidus is given the drug Desmopressin (DDAVP).
This is the desired and expected response.
What is decreased urinary output
These are common clinical signs of Addison's disease
What are fatigue, muscle weakness, loss of appetite (anorexia), unintentional weight loss, and darkening of the skin (bronze hue)
This is the most common cause of a relapse of hyperthyroidism after partial or complete thyroidectomy.
What is taking too much thyroid replacement hormone (e.g., Levothyroxine)
These are the four phases of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
What are Initiation, Oliguria, Diuresis & Recovery?
These are considered the cardinal signs of renal calculi
Severe flank pain, blood in your urine (hematuria), fever and chills, N/V, & burning sensation with urination
This type of Insulin is given for hyperglycemic emergencies, and by this route
What is Regular Insulin IV bolus & drip
This test is done when suspecting the presence of Cushing's Disease
What is a 24-hour urinary free-cortisol study
(24-hour urine collection)
This is the hallmark difference between DI & SIADH
What is FLUID BALANCE
Clients with DI urinate more frequently than normal and develop excessive thirst.
Clients with SIADH retain too much water, which can lead to problems such as low salt levels.
These abnormalities are often present on the blood work
What is hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, azotemia (^ BUN & creatinine), hypoglycemia and metabolic acidosis
This is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism.
What is Grave's Disease.
(presents w/rapid or irregular heartbeat, weight loss despite increased appetite, and increased sweating and heat intolerance)
Elevating Albumin levels and decreasing glomerular filtration rate indicate this disease process
What is Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
This type of burn can result in hidden tissue damage
What is an electrical burn
These 3 chemistry abnormalities present with DKA
What are hyperglycemia, hyperketonemia, and metabolic acidosis
(Also possibly present: Hypokalemia, Hypophosphatemia, Hypomagnesemia, & Anion Gap)
These complications of Cushing's disease should be assessed for frequently.
What are hypertension, hypokalemia, edema, and heart failure (resulting from the hypersecretion of aldosterone), & postprandial or persistent hyperglycemia.
These are considered to be classic presentation of SIADH
What are fluid overload, weight gain, oliguria, concentrated urine, & hyponatremia
This lab test is used to confirm the diagnosis of Addison's disease
What is an ACTH Stimulation Test.
(measures cortisol levels before and after administration of synthetic ACTH. A low cortisol response after stimulation indicates inadequate adrenal gland function)
An increase in temperature of 1040 or more, tachycardia, agitation, confusion, &/or coma indicate this complication of hyperthyroidism
What is a Thyroid Storm?
The client with Renal Failure from long-time CKD will present with this acid-base imbalance
What is Metabolic Acidosis
(Renal failure leads to a buildup of acids, resulting in metabolic acidosis, characterized by a low HCO3-, a low pH, and a low or normal PaCO2)
These two are signs of wound healing
What are tissue contraction (edge approximation) and tissue granulation
The nurse is working with a client brought to the emergency department in a comatose state after developing hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS). The nurse ensures the client’s airway is patent and vital signs are stable. This is the nurse’s next priority intervention
What is providing isotonic fluid replacement
These are priority interventions for the client diagnosed with Cushing's Disease
What are fluid restriction, electrolyte monitoring, blood glucose control, and skin care.
(Additionally, teach handwashing, monitor for S & S of infection, frequently assess skin integrity, employ a low-sodium, low-glycemic diet, Daily Weights to assess fluid retention, Antihypertensive Medications, Calcium & Vitamin D supplements)
These are anticipated treatments for SIADH
What are identify the underlying cause, fluid restriction (500-1500 ml/day incl. oral & IVF), diuretics, infuse hypertonic saline (cautiously - low and slow), Declomycin (demeclocycline)
These two medications are used in the long-term management of Addisonian clients
What are Hydrocortisone (e.g., Prednisone) and Fludrocortisone (e.g., Florinef)
These critical interventions are necessary for treatment of the client experiencing a thyroid storm
What are maintain patent airway, provide supplemental O2, administer medications as prescribed (e.g., methimazole or propylthiouracil (PTU), potassium iodide, Acetaminophen, Beta blockers & glucocorticoids), apply cooling blankets for fever control, ensure adequate IV access & fluid administration, treat the underlying cause
Dialysis
What is a treatment (temporary) for AKI or a permanent solution for CKD/ESRD (until organ transplantation is available)
Chronic wounds often require this mechanical or chemical intervention to promote healing
What is removal of dead tissue (debridement)