Diagnosis
Extreme thirst and excessive urination caused by failure to reabsorb water in the kidneys.
diabetes insipidus
A condition caused by insufficient growth hormone during childhood.
pituitary dwarfism
Addison’s disease
An autoimmune attack on the adrenal glands leading to hormone deficiency.
gigantism or acromegaly
Surgical removal of the pituitary tumor to treat excess growth hormone disorders.
Bulging eyes caused by inflammation of tissues behind the eye sockets.
exophthalmos
A disorder involving excess androgens, ovarian cysts, and irregular menstruation.
PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome)
Gigantism
The overproduction of growth hormone during childhood or adolescence.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Management that may include lifestyle changes, medications, or insulin injections.
Weight gain around the face, abdomen, and shoulders creating a “buffalo hump.”
Cushing’s syndrome
A cancer of the thyroid that spreads extremely quickly and is difficult to treat.
anaplastic thyroid cancer
cretinism
Iodine deficiency during pregnancy leading to absent or underactive thyroid at birth.
Cretinism
Early newborn screening and hormone replacement to prevent irreversible damage.
Fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and dry skin due to slowed metabolism.
hypothyroidism
A cancer of the thyroid that develops from the C cells of the thyroid gland that make calcitonin.
Medullary thyroid cancer
nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Kidneys failing to respond properly to ADH.
thyroid cancer
Surgery and sometimes radioactive iodine used for this endocrine cancer.
Enlarged hands, feet, and facial features developing gradually during adulthood.
acromegaly
A type of diabetes mellitus that results from the immune system attacking insulin-producing cells.
Type 1 diabetes
Graves’ disease
The immune system attacks the thyroid and eye tissues, causing excess thyroid hormone and bulging eyes.
Pituitary dwarfism
Synthetic growth hormone supplementation