Type 1 DM
Which hormone normally facilitates glucose uptake into cells
Insulin
What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes
In type 2 diabetes, patients still produce insulin but have reduced insulin sensitivity or decreased insulin production
This hormone, produced by the pituitary gland, is elevated in hypothyroidism
TSH
What is the best way to prevent diabetes associated complications
Meticulous blood glucose control!
These hormones will be elevated with hyperthyrodism
T4 and T3
What are common presenting symptoms for a type 1 diabetic?
3 P's- polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia
Name 3 of the risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes
Age, genetics, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, hypertension
This dietary supplement is essential for thyroid hormone production and may need to be monitored in patients with hypothyroidism.
Iodine
Characterized by damage to blood vessels and can lead to blindness if not treated
Diabetic retinopathy
Life threatening complication of thyroidectomy
Explain the pathophysiology of Type 1 DM
Autoimmune illness, body attacks beta cells within pancreas resulting in altered function of pancreas--> unable to produce insulin
This type of insulin, which is administered with meals, is used to control postprandial blood glucose spikes.
Rapid or short acting
Name 3 of the clinical manifestations associated with hypothyroidism
Weight gain, fatigue, increased cold sensitivity, constipation, dry skin, puffy face, hoarseness, muscle weakness/aches, thinning hair, slowed heart rate, depression
Name 3 educational points for the patient with neuropathy
Inspect feet daily, wear flat shoes, no lotion between toes, cut nails straight across
Name 3 of the clinical manifestations associated with hyperthyrodism
Nervousness, irritability, muscle weakness, irregular periods, weight loss, trouble sleeping, enlarged thyroid, vision problems, heat sensitivity, racing heart
Name 2 of the risk factors associated with Type 1 Diabetes
Genetics/family history, age, possible viral or environmental exposure
This class of oral medications, such as metformin, works by reducing the liver’s glucose production and increasing insulin sensitivity in the muscles.
Biguanides
Name 2 of the educational points to discuss with patients taking levothyroxine
Take on an empty stomach, monitor for symptoms of hyperthyroidism, regular monitoring via labs is required
Nurses should monitor this lab value frequently in patients with Type 1 Diabetes to assess kidney function, as elevated levels may indicate diabetic nephropathy.
Serum creatinine
This medication is the first line of treatment for hyperthyroidism and prevents the thyroid gland from producing thyroid hormone
Methimazole
A diabetic patient has the following presentation: unresponsive to voice or touch, tachycardia, and diaphoresis. What is a priority action?
Check BG and administer D10W IV per protocol
Patient's blood glucose level is 68 and they feel lightheaded. What intervention would you provide?
Give juice (orange or apple) and recheck glucose in 15 minutes. If not elevated in 15 min, repeat juice and recheck in 15 min.
This condition occurs in severe, untreated hypothyroidism, where the patient presents with hypothermia, altered mental status, and hypotension.
Myxedema coma
A patient with Type 1 Diabetes presents with kussmaul respirations, fruity-smelling breath, and a blood glucose level above 300 mg/dL. The nurse should suspect this acute complication.
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Name 2 of the adverse effects associated with hyperthyroidism medication treatment