Endocrine Glands and Functions
Location: Base of the brain (head)
Key Hormones: Growth hormone, prolactin, etc.
Functions: Controls other glands; growth, milk production
What is the Pituitary Gland?
Fight-or-flight response, increases heart rate and alertness
What is Adrenaline (Epinephrine) ?
Symptoms: Moon face, buffalo hump, hypertension
Cause: High cortisol levels
What is Cushing’s disease?
Which gland controls other glands?
Pituitary
excessive urination
What is polyuria?
Location: Front of the neck (butterfly-shaped)
Key Hormones: Thyroxine (T4), Triiodothyronine (T3)
Functions: Regulates metabolism
What is the thyroid gland?
Decreases blood sugar levels
What is Insulin?
Symptoms: Fatigue, low BP, bronzed skin
Cause: Adrenal insufficiency
What is Addison’s Disease?
What gland helps respond to stress?
Adrenal
testes
What is orchid?
Locations: Behind the thyroid
Key Hormones: Parathormone (PTH)
Function: Regulates calcium/phosphorus balance
What is the Parathyroid gland?
Increases blood sugar levels
What is Glucagon?
Symptoms: Hyperglycemia, excessive urination/thirst/hunger
Cause: Lack of insulin or insulin resistance
What is Diabetes Mellitus?
What hormone regulates metabolism?
Thyroxine
Exophthalmos
What term means bulging eyes?
Location: On top of each kidney
Key Hormones: Adrenaline, cortisol
Functions: Manages stress, metabolism, and blood pressure
What is the Adrenal gland?
Development of secondary sexual characteristics.
What is Estrogen/Testosterone?
Symptoms: Weight loss, nervousness, exophthalmos
Cause: Excess thyroid hormone
What is Hyperthyroidism?
Which hormone initiates uterine contractions?
Oxytocin
gluc, glyc
What is sugar?
Location: Behind the stomach
Key Hormones: Insulin, glucagon
Functions: Regulates blood glucose
What is the Pancreas?
Stimulates milk production.
What is Prolactin?
Symptoms: Weight gain, fatigue, dry skin, hair loss
Cause: Insufficient thyroid hormone
What is Hypothyroidism?
Which gland is responsible for melatonin?
Pineal
elevated concentration of glucose in the blood
What is Hyperglycemia?