Hormone Actions
What is the other name for the posterior pituitary?
Neurohypophysis
List three major endocrine glands.
The major organs of the endocrine system include the: 1. Hypothalamus 2. Pituitary 3. Thyroid gland 4. Parathyroid glands 5. Thymus gland 6. Pineal gland 7. Pancreas 8. Adrenal glands 9. Gonads
What is more common in the endocrine system: positive feedback or negative feedback?
Negative feedback
What condition is caused by excessive GH secretion in childhood?
Gigantism/Acromegaly
What are the messengers of the endocrine system?
Hormones
What part of the pituitary gland is a TRUE gland?
Anterior Pituitary
What gland produces growth hormone?
Anterior pituitary
Which two hormones are produced by the pancreas to regulate blood glucose levels?
Insulin and glucagon
A lack of iodine in the diet causes the thyroid gland to enlarge. What is this condition called?
Goiter
How do hormones travel through the body?
In the bloodstream
Which hormone promotes uterine contractions and is responsible for milk production in the mammary glands?
oxytocin
What cells produce glucagon? (cell and organ)
Alpha cells of pancreas
What two categories of hormones does the hypothalamus produce to regulate the secretion of other hormones?
RH (releasing hormones) and IH (inhibiting hormones)
What condition is the most common endocrine disorder in women with symptoms of infertility, increased androgens, hair loss?
Polycystic ovarian syndrome
Where are hormone receptors found?
On target cells
Where is cortisol secreted from? Specific
Adrenal Cortex
Which two hormones are stored in the posterior pituitary gland?
oxytocin and ADH
What organs clear hormones from the circulation?
The kidney and liver
What disease is characterized by abnormally high blood glucose levels?
Diabetes mellitus
What type(s) of hormones bind to extracellular receptors? What type(s) of hormones bind to intracellular receptors?
Extracellular: Nonsteroid - peptide & amino acid derivatives
Intracellular: Steroid - lipid based
What specific cells secrete insulin? (cells and organ)
Beta cells of the Pancreas
What is the pathway between the anterior pituitary and hypothalmus called?
Hypothalmohypophyseal portal system
Name a hormone that is involved in a positive feedback loop.
Oxytocin
What disorder is characterized by an underactive thyroid gland?
Hypothyroidism
List two differences between the nervous and endocrine systems.
Nervous: Uses electrical impulses and Neurotransmitters
Endocrine:Uses hormones
Nervous: Fast
Endocrine: Slow
Nervous: Start and stop quickly
Endocrine: Starts slowly and continues after stimulus
Nervous: Local & Specific
Endocrine: Can be general and wide spread