Hormone Basics
Hormones that act on nearby cells are called this.
Paracrine signals
The pineal gland secretes this hormone that regulates sleep cycles.
Melatonin
The hypothalamus communicates with the anterior pituitary through this system.
Hypophyseal portal system
This hormone stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth.
Oxytocin
This disorder is caused by a lack of insulin.
Diabetes mellitus
Steroid hormones are derived from this type of molecule.
Cholesterol
The thyroid gland secretes these hormones.
T3, T4, Calcitonin
In the HPT axis, the thyroid gland produces T3 and T4 in response to this pituitary hormone.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Insulin decreases blood sugar, while this hormone increases it.
Glucagon
Fatigue, cold intolerance, and weight gain can indicate this disorder.
Hypothyroidism
Peptide hormones bind to receptors in this part of the cell.
Cell membrane (membrane receptors)?
Name the hormones secreted by both the anterior and posterior pituitary.
Anterior- FSH, LH, ACTH, GH, PRL, TSH
Posterior- Oxytocin, ADH
This hormone increases calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity.
Parathyroid hormone
Bulging eyes, weight loss, and heat intolerance are symptoms of this disorder.
Hyperthyroidism
Name two ways hormone effectiveness can be influenced in the body (be specific).
Hormone concentration and presence of other hormones (antagonistic, synergistic, permissive)
The thymus secretes hormones that help regulate this system.
Immune system
Explain why peptide hormones act faster than steroid hormones.
They activate second messenger systems rather than altering gene transcription.
Explain the positive feedback loop involved in childbirth.
Uterine contractions-->oxytocin release-->stronger contractions-->more oxytocin until delivery