Diabetes
2 main types of diabetes
What is type I and type II diabetes
Most common way of administering insulin
What is subcutaneous
onset delayed, and the duration is extended, given BID or TID, provides glycemic control between meals and at night.
What is intermediate duration or Humulin N
Decreases liver production of glucose, decreases intestinal absorption of glucose, can interact with iodinated contrast dyes and can lead to renal failure
What is Metformin
This thyroid hormone stimulates metabolism and energy in the body and is low in hypothyroidism
What is thyroid hormone T3 and T4
This is a life threatening condition caused by severe insulin deficiency that produces ketones
What is diabetic ketoacidosis DKA
How is insulin measured?
What is units
insulin is administered with meals to prevent a spike in sugars, must be used with other insulins, onset 15 minutes, peaks at 1-1 1/2 hours, lasts 6-8 hours
Stimulates insulin release from the pancreatic beta cells and reduce glucose output from liver
A patient taking levothyroxine wants to know why it must be taken on an empty stomach.
What is: Food, especially food high in calcium delays absorption of levothyroxine
Sugars high: ______ and _____
DKA is near: _____ ____ and ____ ____
What is hot and dry
What is fruity breath and deep sigh
A Nurse is preparing to administer a patient's scheduled insulin dose. Which action is the priority before giving the medication?
What is checking the patients current blood glucose level
Short duration, short acting, lasts 7 hours and is unmodified
Works by converting glycogen back into glucose by the liver, given for severe hypoglycemia (increases blood sugar levels), can increase bleeding risk if taken with oral anticoagulants
What is glucagon
Expected early physiologic effects starting thyroid replacement?
What is: Increased metabolism, heart rate and improved energy.
3 treatment priorities for DKA
2. IV insulin
3. Replace electrolytes
A patient receiving insulin reports headache, confusion, and fatigue. Which action should the nurse take first?
What is administer a fast-acting source of glucose
Has a duration of action that lasts up to 24 hours, given once daily
What is long duration insulin or Glargine (Lantus)
A patient taking metformin is scheduled for a CT scan with iodinated contrast. Which instruction should the nurse anticipate?
What is to hold metformin 48 hours before and after the procedure to prevent renal failure.
A patient with newly diagnosed hypothyroidism is prescribed a medication that increases metabolic rate, improves energy, and must be taken on an empty stomach for proper absorption. Which medication is the nurse expecting to administer?
What is levothyroxine
The goal bicarbonate levels in DKA treatment
What type of diabetes is insulin injections used for and when is it okay to use insulin injections for the other type?
What is type 1 uses insulin, type 2 uses insulin when patient NPO, sick or stressed as blood sugars rise.
compatible insulins can be mixed... what is the right order of drawing up the medications
What is.... cloudy, clear, clear, cloudy or short action first so that you do not contaminate the rapid acting insulin
A patient taking an SFLT2 inhibitor (Dapagliflozin) reports increased urination and thirst. Which complication should the nurse monitor for?
What is dehydration.
A patient on antithyroid medication develops fever and sore throat. What should you as the nurse do?
Report immediately, is at risk for granulocytopenia from antithyroid drugs.