Endocrine vs Exocrine
A gland that releases substances into the bloodstream
endocrine gland
A cell that does not respond to a hormone most likely lacks this
A receptor
A hormone that changes protein production by acting on DNA is using this mechanism
direct gene action
A hormone that increases metabolic rate is most likely produced by this gland
the thyroid gland
When blood glucose rises, this hormone is released to lower it
Insulin
If a gland’s product only affects a specific target organ far away, it is most likely part of this system
the endocrine system
Hormones can travel throughout the entire body, yet only affect certain organs because of this principle
receptor specificity
A hormone that cannot enter the cell must rely on this type of system
the second messenger system
A hormone responsible for “fight or flight” would be secreted by this gland
the adrenal glands
When blood glucose drops, this hormone restores it to normal levels.
A gland that produces enzymes for digestion and delivers them into the small intestine is classified as this type
an exocrine gland
If receptor numbers on a target cell increase, the cell becomes more ______ to that hormone
becomes more sensitive to that hormone
he second messenger system allows for a rapid response because of this process
signal amplification
A decrease in blood calcium levels would trigger release of this hormone
parathyroid hormone
The relationship between insulin and glucagon is best described as this
antagonistic
The pancreas is unique because it functions as both of these gland types
endocrine and exocrine
This explains why two different hormones can cause different effects in the same cell
The different receptors or signaling pathways
In this mechanism, the hormone never actually enters the target cell
the second messenger system
Growth hormone primarily affects this type of body tissue
bones and muscles
In a negative feedback loop, the original stimulus is ______ once balance is restored
reduced or inhibited
The key functional difference between endocrine and exocrine glands is the presence or absence of this structure
The ducts
A hormone that can pass directly through the cell membrane is most likely this type.
a steroid hormone
Direct gene action tends to produce longer-lasting effects because it influences this cellular process
protein synthesis or gene expression
Hormones that regulate other endocrine glands are released from this gland
the pituitary gland
Failure of negative feedback in blood glucose regulation would most directly affect this condition
diabetes mellitus