Endocrine Basics
What type of communication does the endocrine system use?
Chemical
Are steroid hormones lipid soluble or water soluble?
Lipid soluble
Which gland is attached to the hypothalamus?
Pituitary gland
What process breaks glycogen into glucose?
Glycogenolysis
What hormone helps retain water in the body?
ADH
Compared to the nervous system, is the endocrine system faster or slower?
Slower
Can nonsteroid hormones cross the cell membrane?
No
What hormone from the anterior pituitary promotes muscle growth?
Growth hormone (GH)
What process creates glucose from FFAs or proteins?
Gluconeogenesis
What gland releases ADH?
Posterior pituitary
What is the main function of the endocrine system?
Maintain homeostasis / regulate body functions
Where do steroid hormones bind?
Inside the cell
What hormones does the thyroid release?
T3 and T4
What happens to insulin levels during exercise?
Decrease
What hormone increases sodium retention?
Aldosterone
What must a cell have to respond to a hormone?
A receptor
What do nonsteroid hormones use to create effects inside the cell?
Second messengers
What are the two main pancreatic hormones?
Insulin and glucagon
What happens to insulin sensitivity during exercise?
Increases
What happens to plasma volume during exercise?
Decreases
What happens if a cell has no receptor for a hormone?
No effect occurs
What is the main effect of steroid hormones on the cell?
They cause protein synthesis by activating DNA.
What hormone is released as a result of the renin-angiotensin system?
Aldosterone
Name one hormone that increases blood glucose during exercise
Glucagon, epinephrine, norepinephrine, or cortisol
What two things trigger ADH release during exercise?
Increased osmolality and decreased plasma volume