Endocrine Basics
What system works with the nervous system to coordinate body functions?
The endocrine system.
what is Chemical messengers that regulate the physiologic activity of other cells.
Hormones
What is located in the diencephalon of the brain?
hypothalamus
What gland is located Inferior to the larynx and anterolateral to the trachea?
thyroid gland
Which pancreatic cells produce insulin?
Beta cells.
What do endocrine glands release into the bloodstream?
Hormones
What is Cells that have receptors for specific hormones.
target cells
Which gland is often called the pituitary gland?
the pituitary gland.
What two hormones regulate metabolism, growth, and development?
T3 and T4.
Which pancreatic cells produce glucagon?
: Alpha cells.
What is the study of the endocrine system called?
Endocrinology.
What hormone system is the most common method of hormone regulation?
Negative feedback regulation.
Which pituitary hormone stimulates the thyroid gland?
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
What thyroid hormone decreases blood calcium levels?
Calcitonin.
Does insulin increase or decrease blood glucose levels?
it decreases blood glucose levels.
What is the main difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?
Endocrine glands are ductless and release hormones into the bloodstream, while exocrine glands release products into ducts.
What are prostaglandins also known as?
Local hormones.
Which two hormones are stored and released by the posterior pituitary?
Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
What adrenal hormone is known as the “salt-retaining hormone”?
Aldosterone.
Does glucagon increase or decrease blood glucose levels?
It increases blood glucose levels.
What are the three major ways hormone release can be regulated?
Negative feedback regulation, hormonal regulation, and neural regulation.
What helps regulate smooth muscle contractions and inflammation and are thought to increase pain sensitivity?
prostaglandins
What hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete hormones, especially cortisol?
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
What two hormones are produced by the adrenal medulla and enhance the effects of stress?
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Which kidney hormone stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow?
Erythropoietin (EPO).