Thyroid Disorders
Which of the following is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?
a) Graves' disease
b) Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
c) Thyroid cancer
d) Pituitary tumors
a) Graves' disease
Which of the following medications is used to manage type 2 diabetes?
a) Insulin glargine
b) Metformin
c) Levothyroxine
d) Propylthiouracil (PTU)
b) Metformin
Which of the following is a common sign of Addison’s disease?
a) Moon face
b) Weight loss and fatigue
c) Hyperglycemia
d) Buffalo hump
b) Weight loss and fatigue
Which of the following is a side effect of levothyroxine therapy?
a) Diarrhea
b) Tachycardia
c) Hypotension
d) Weight gain
b) Tachycardia
What is the primary hormone produced by the thyroid gland?
a) Cortisol
b) Insulin
c) Thyroxine (T4)
d) Parathyroid hormone
d) Thyroxine (T4)
A patient with hypothyroidism is receiving levothyroxine. What lab value should be monitored to evaluate the effectiveness of this medication?
a) Serum calcium
b) TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)
c) Serum glucose
d) Hemoglobin A1C
b) TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)
A patient is diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which of the following is a priority intervention?
a) Administering oral glucose
b) Initiating an IV insulin drip
c) Encouraging the patient to drink fluids
d) Monitoring the patient's blood pressure
b) Initiating an IV insulin drip
Which medication is commonly prescribed for a patient with Addison’s disease?
a) Hydrocortisone
b) Methimazole
c) Insulin
d) Desmopressin
a) Hydrocortisone
Which of the following is an expected effect of metformin?
a) Increased insulin sensitivity
b) Weight gain
c) Increased blood glucose levels
d) Increased appetite
a) Increased insulin sensitivity
A patient with diabetes is prescribed a sulfonylurea. What is the primary action of this class of medication?
a) It increases insulin secretion from the pancreas.
b) It improves insulin sensitivity at the cellular level.
c) It decreases the production of glucose in the liver.
d) It slows the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestines.
a) It increases insulin secretion from the pancreas.
What is the most common symptom of hypothyroidism?
a) Weight loss
b) Tachycardia
c) Cold intolerance
d) Increased appetite
c) Cold intolerance
Which of the following symptoms would indicate that a diabetic patient is experiencing hypoglycemia?
a) Excessive thirst
b) Confusion and shaking
c) Increased urination
d) Dry mouth
b) Confusion and shaking
A patient with Addison’s disease is experiencing an adrenal crisis. Which of the following should be prioritized in treatment?
a) Fluid and electrolyte replacement
b) Administration of insulin
c) Administration of thyroid hormone
d) Administration of anticoagulants
a) Fluid and electrolyte replacement
A patient is prescribed hydrocortisone for adrenal insufficiency. What is the most important teaching point regarding this medication?
a) Take the medication only when feeling ill
b) Avoid grapefruit while on this medication
c) Take the medication at the same time every day, preferably in the morning
d) This medication can be stopped abruptly after a few weeks
c) Take the medication at the same time every day, preferably in the morning
In a patient with adrenal insufficiency, what is the most important to monitor to prevent complications?
a) Blood glucose levels
b) Blood pressure and electrolytes
c) Heart rate
d) Body temperature
b) Blood pressure and electrolytes
A patient with hyperthyroidism is being treated with radioactive iodine therapy. Which of the following is a priority nursing intervention post-treatment?
a) Monitor for signs of thyroid storm
b) Administer thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
c) Ensure the patient avoids close contact with pregnant women and children
d) Encourage high-iodine foods
c) Ensure the patient avoids close contact with pregnant women and children
A patient is receiving long-acting insulin (e.g., insulin glargine). Which of the following is the most important teaching point for this patient?
a) Monitor for signs of hypoglycemia at night
b) Inject the insulin immediately after meals
c) Do not mix this insulin with other types of insulin
d) This insulin has a quick onset and should be given before meals
c) Do not mix this insulin with other types of insulin
A patient with Cushing's syndrome presents with a moon face, weight gain, and purple striae. Which of the following is the most likely cause of Cushing’s syndrome?
a) Excessive corticosteroid use
b) Hyperthyroidism
c) Adrenal insufficiency
d) Hypopituitarism
a) Excessive corticosteroid use
A patient on methimazole for hyperthyroidism asks about the side effects of the medication. Which of the following is an adverse effect to watch for?
a) Weight loss
b) Sore throat and fever
c) Excessive thirst
d) Increased appetite
b) Sore throat and fever
A nurse is caring for a patient who is newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Which of the following is a critical teaching point regarding insulin therapy for this patient?
a) "You can stop taking insulin if you feel well."
b) "Insulin therapy will be lifelong, and you must monitor your blood glucose regularly."
c) "It’s safe to skip insulin injections if you are not eating much."
d) "You should only administer insulin after eating."
b) "Insulin therapy will be lifelong, and you must monitor your blood glucose regularly."
A patient with hypothyroidism is being treated with levothyroxine. Which of the following findings would indicate that the patient’s dosage of levothyroxine needs to be adjusted?
a) Serum TSH level of 4.5 mIU/L
b) Serum TSH level of 8.0 mIU/L
c) Serum T3 and T4 levels within normal range
d) Patient reports feeling energetic and having normal bowel movements
b) Serum TSH level of 8.0 mIU/L
A patient with type 2 diabetes is started on a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. Which of the following is an important consideration when administering this medication?
a) It is administered orally once daily with meals.
b) It may cause weight loss and reduce appetite.
c) It should be discontinued if the patient develops a urinary tract infection.
d) It can be combined with insulin for better glycemic control without risk of hypoglycemia.
b) It may cause weight loss and reduce appetite.
A patient is receiving fludrocortisone for the treatment of Addison’s disease. Which of the following should the nurse monitor for as a side effect of this medication?
a) Hyperkalemia
b) Weight loss
c) Hypotension
d) Edema
d) Edema
A patient is being treated with corticosteroids for adrenal insufficiency. Which of the following is the best method for preventing potential complications from prolonged corticosteroid use?
a) Restrict sodium intake
b) Monitor for signs of infection
c) Take corticosteroids only when blood glucose is elevated
d) Increase calcium intake and monitor bone density
b) Monitor for signs of infection
A patient with type 2 diabetes has a HbA1C of 9.5%. Which of the following interventions is appropriate to help lower the patient's HbA1C?
a) Increase the dose of insulin
b) Add a second oral antidiabetic agent
c) Discontinue metformin
d) Begin corticosteroid therapy
b) Add a second oral antidiabetic agent