Hormone Basics
These chemicals travel through the bloodstream to affect target cells.
What are hormones?
This gland is known as the “master gland.”
What is the pituitary gland?
This gland regulates metabolism and body heat.
What is the thyroid gland?
This type of feedback loop maintains homeostasis.
What is negative feedback?
Too much hormone release is called this.
What is hypersecretion?
Hormones only affect cells that have these.
What are receptors?
This part of the brain controls the pituitary using neural and hormonal signals.
What is the hypothalamus?
This hormone lowers blood calcium levels.
What is calcitonin?
Which hormone increases during childbirth in a positive feedback loop?
What is oxytocin?
Too little hormone release is called this.
What is hyposecretion?
These hormones cannot cross the cell membrane and require a second messenger.
What are water-soluble hormones?
Which pituitary hormone stimulates growth in bones and muscles?
What is growth hormone (GH)?
This hormone brings calcium out of bones and into the bloodstream.
What is parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
Short-term stress activates this part of the adrenal gland.
What is the adrenal medulla?
A goiter is caused by iodine deficiency in this gland.
What is the thyroid gland?
These hormones can pass directly through the cell membrane and affect DNA.
What are lipid-soluble (steroid) hormones?
This hormone regulates sleep and wake cycles.
What is melatonin?
Which gland produces epinephrine and norepinephrine?
What is the adrenal medulla?
Describe one effect of epinephrine during fight-or-flight.
What is increased heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen intake, or blood glucose?
This gland helps develop the immune system.
What is the thymus?
Name the three ways endocrine glands are stimulated.
What are hormonal, humoral, and neural stimuli?
Name two hormones released by the posterior pituitary.
What are ADH and oxytocin?
Name the two hormones produced by the pancreas that regulate blood sugar.
What are insulin and glucagon?
Long-term stress primarily affects this part of the adrenal gland.
What is the adrenal cortex?
This gland has both endocrine and exocrine functions.
What is the pancreas?