Adrenal gland
Thyroid disorders
DKA vs. HHNS
More Thyroid
Diabetes
100
this is a metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally increased secretion of cortsol.
What is Cushings Disease
100
this disorder presents with decreased T3 and T4 thyroid hormones, and a decreased rate of body metabolism.
What is hypothyroidism
100
This disorder has a sudden onset, manifests with Kussmaul resp. nausea, abd. pain, fruity breath, glucose >300, pH<7.35, +urine ketones
What is DKA (diabetic ketoacidosis)
100
Thyroid hormone controls this in the body.
What is body metabolism and growth? Rationale: The thyroid gland is located on the anterior part of the neck and controls the rate of body metabolism and growth.
100
This insulin injection site absorbs more rapidly and evenly than other sites.
What is the abdomen? Rationale: The main areas for insulin injections are the abdomen, arms, thighs, and hips. Insulin injected in the abdomen may absorb more evenly and rapidly than other sites. Site rotation is recommended to prevent lipodystrophy.
200
this is a life threatening disorder caused by acute adrenal insuffiency. This disorder can cause hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia, and shock; and may be precipitated by stress, infection, trauma, or surgery.
What is Addisonian Crisis
200
this is a rare but serious disorder that results from persistently low thyroid production.
What is myexedema coma
200
This disorder has a gradual onset, manifests with altered central nervous system function, glucose>800, neg urine ketones, pH >7.4, elevated BUN and Creatinine.
What is HHNS (hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome)
200
The nurse needs to make sure to provide a warm environment for the client with this thyroid disorder.
What is hypothyroidism? Rationale: Care for the individual with hypothyroidism includes assessing for constipation, providing low calorie, low fat foods, providing a warm environment, administering thyroid replacement hormone, and monitoring for signs of overdose, including insomnia, nervousness, tachycardia, and chest pain.
200
Doing this is the standard protocol for clients with mild hypoglycemia.
What is give 10-15g carbohydrate and retake blood sugar in 15 minutes? Rationale: For the client with mild hypoglycemia, interventions include giving 10-15 g of a fast acting simple carbohydrate, retaking blood glucose in 15 minutes and repeating interventions if symptoms do not resolve. After resolving symptoms, a snack with protein and carbohydrates like cheese and milk is given.
300
This is a metabolic disorder resulting from chronic, excessive production of cortisol by the adrenal cortex or by the administration of glucocorticoids in large doses for several weeks or longer.
What is Cushing's Syndrome
300
this is a disorder resulting from hyper secretion of T3 and T4 thyroid hormones. Presents with an increased body metabolism and may be caused by Graves Disease.
What is Hyperthyroidism.
300
A client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosois of DKA, the initial BG is 950, a continuous infusion of regular insulin and normal saline is administered, the BG is now 240 the nurse would next prepare to administer what type of fluid and why.
What is IV fluids containing 5% dextrose, to maintain a BG of about 250 until client recovers from ketosis.
300
This intervention will inhibit the release of thyroid hormone.
What is administering iodine? Rationale: Anti-thyroid hormones block thyroid hormone synthesis . Iodine inhibits the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid.
300
Diuresis leaves the DKA patient dehydrated. The nurse is aware to monitor blood glucose level and this other laboratory value.
What is potassium? Rationale: The nurse knows to monitor potassium levels closely because when the client receives treatment for the dehydration and acidosis, the serum potassium level will decrease and potassium replacement may be required.
400
This disorder presents with a hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones, and can be life threatening if left untreated.
What is Addison's Disease.
400
An acute and life threatening condition occurs in a client with uncontrolled hyperthyroidism. It may have been triggered by manipulation of thyroid gland during surgery and the release of thyroid hormones into the bloodstream; it can also occur from severe infection or stress. This is known as
What is thyroid storm
400
A DM type 2 client has a BG of 600 and is complaining of polydipsia, polyuria, weight loss, and weakness. The nurse would expect what diagnosis?
What is hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome
400
This severe complication results from persistently low thyroid production, sometimes due to rapid withdrawl of thyroid medication.
What is myxedema coma? Rationale: Myxedema coma is a rare but serious disorder that results from persistently low thyroid production. Coma can be precipitated by acute illness, rapid withdrawal of thyroid medication, anesthesia and surgery, hypothermia, and the use of sedatives and opioids.
400
Retinopathy may make this task rather difficult for the diabetic patient.
What is blood glucose testing and insulin injections? Rationale: The client with diabetic retinopathy may have permanent vision changes and blindness, making it difficult to check blood glucose sugars and self inject insulin.
500
A client is admitted to the emergency dept with a diagnosis of myxedema coma. The initial nursing intervention should be to
What is maintain a patent airway. Next the nurse would administer O2, fluid replacement, keep client warm, monitor vital signs, administer thyroid hormones by IV.
500
fever, tachycardia, systolic hypertension, nausea vomiting and diarhea, agitation, tremors, anxiety, delerium, coma, agitation, restlessness, and seizures are signs and symptoms of what thyroid crisis?
What is thyroid storm.
500
administration of regular insulin, fluid resucitation, potassium replacement, and correcting acidoisis is the treatment plan for this complication of diabetes.
What is DKA
500
The nurse must monitor for this life-threatening complication after a thyroidectomy.
What is thyroid storm? Rationale: Thyroid storm occurs in a client with uncontrollable hyperthyroidism and can be caused by manipulation of the thyroid gland during surgery and the release of thyroid hormone in the bloodstream; it also can occur from severe infection and stress.
500
The diabetic client receives intermediate acting insulin in the evening to prevent this possible complication.
What is Dawn phenomenon? Rationale: Dawn phenomenon results from reduced tissue sensitivity to insulin that develops between 5 and 8am; it may be caused by nocturnal release of growth hormone. Treatment includes administering an evening dose of intermediate acting insulin at 10 pm. Somogyi phenomenon- normal or elevated BS at bedtime; hypoglycemia occurs at 2-3 am, which causes an increase in counter-regulatory hormones. By 7am, these hormones increase the BS significantly. Tx=decrease nightly dose of intermediate acting insulin so that BS doesn't fall as low and then won't go high by morning.
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