General Endo
This structure connects the hypothalamus and the hypophysis (pituitary gland).
Infundibulum
This hormone increases the number of sodium pumps and channels in the distal convoluted tubule, leading to more sodium reabsorption and indirectly, increased blood pressure.
Aldosterone
This liver hormone induces muscle and bone growth.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1)
This neural network develops in the hypothalamus of XX (not XY) individuals, and is important in the mid-cycle flood of LH.
Surge Center
This is the type of blood circulation that is used in the hypothalamus-pituitary axes.
Portal System
In the RAAS, this hormone has the greatest impact on blood pressure, because it stimulates the release of Aldosterone and ADH, as well as vasoconstriction and thirst.
Angiotensin II
A physical exam identifies this abnormality, which may suggest an iodine deficiency and/or autoimmune disorder.
Goiter
LH triggers these cells in the ovaries to synthesize Androstenedione.
Theca cells (of the follicle)
In cAMP second messenger systems, this is the link between 1st and 2nd messengers.
a G protein
Primary hypoadrenalism promotes darkening of the skin, because both ACTH and a-MSH are both derived from this prohormone.
Proopiomelanocortin (POMC)
In the target tissues, T4 is activated into T3 by this enzyme.
Deiodinase 2
A pharmaceutical that inhibits this enzyme would be an effective treatment for an estrogen-dependent disease.
Aromatase
In order to "stop the signal" of catecholamines at the target tissues, this enzyme degrades the signaling molecules.
Monoamine Oxidase (MAO)
In non-mammalian vertebrates, this hormone modulates social behaviors such as courtship (e.g., frog calling), pair bonding, and reducing aggression in crowded conditions.
Arginine Vasotocin (AVT)
This hormone from the thyroid gland (C cells) reduces bone breakdown (osteoclast activity) and leads to more calcium in the urine and feces.
Calcitonin
This phase of the ovarian cycle is characterized by increasing levels of estrogen, but not progesterone.
Follicular phase
(concurrent with proliferative phase of uterine cycle)