Renal Physiology
What is the driving force of renal filtration
Glomerular hydrostatic pressure
What are the two reasons to ask about bleeding in a Haeme history
platelet or clotting problems
cause of iron deficiency anemia
What is the difference between Mee's lines and muehrcke's nails
Mee's has one prominent line, the other has 2
What does phase 0 of the AP represent
depolarisation, sodium influx
is the basilic vein medial or lateral
medial
as bowman's capsule pressure increases, what happens to GFR?
decreases
What is epitaxis
nosebleed
What is Asterixis ultimately a sign of
end stage renal disease
Which subsection of class 1 drugs do not affect the AP duration
class 1c
the cephalic vein drains into what
axillary vein
When ANG II is released efferent arterioles constrict, why don't afferent arterioles constrict as well?
due to the presence of local vasodilators such as prostaglandins and nitric oxide
Which 3 cancers are most often associated with metastatic spread to bone
breast, prostate, renal carcinoma, lung
pulmonary oedema results in a _____ percussion note
dull
Which two AA classes are involved in rate control (versus rhythm control)
Class 2,4
where do the femoral vein and popliteal vein merge
femoral triangle
Why does an increase in serum amino acid levels lead to an increase in GFR (be specific)
Na+ is a co transporter, decrease of NaCl in macula densa, decrease on afferent arteriole resistance, increase in GFR
What are 3 dietary sources of vitamin B12
Meat, poultry, eggs, soy milk, yeast spread, soy
What is the cause of purpura on a renal examination of the legs
vasculitis as underlying cause for renal failure
Digoxin has what effect overall?
inotropic, increases force of contraction
where do the anterior and posterior interosseous veins drain from
interosseous membrane
What are type B cells, what are their roles
secrete bicarbonate into the tubular fluid, actively pump hydrogen across basolateral membrane
What are two symptoms which lymphoma most commonly presents with
enlarged lymph nodes, fever, sweats, weight loss
What is the cause of a renal bruits, and what causes this condition
renal artery stenosis, most commonly caused by atherosclerosis
before administering adenosine, what are some non pharmaceutical methods used first
vagal maneuvers i.e. valsalva maneuvers, carotid massage
what does chronic venous insufficiency cause
varicose veins