Definitions
What is matter?
Any substance in the universe that has mass and takes up space
If a reaction occurs and there is a loss of mass between the reactants and the products, what can be assumed happened to the missing mass?
The mass was displaced in the form of energy.
T/F: Under certain conditions, it is possible for complex structures to arise from simpler ones.
True
Name an isolated system.
The Universe
What is essential to form a bond between two atoms?
Energy
What is complexity?
the behavior of a system whose components interact in multiple ways and follow local rules
What are the seven characteristics of life? Name a problem with the seven characteristics.
Ordered (biological organization), growth, homeostasis, reproduction, process energy, behavior, evolution.
Not every living being can satisfy all requirements.
In order of increasing complexity, list the ten entities that makeup the hierarchy of matter.
Subatomic particles, atoms, molecules, macromolecules, organelles, cells, tissue, organ, organ system, human (organism)
What was the first form of mass?
Subatomic particles
What is the "sticking" together property that certain combinations of magnets or legos, can have analogous to in chemistry?
Chemical bonding
Explain the Law of Conservation of Mass
Matter can neither be created or destroyed, but can change forms and arrangements in space
Why aren't humans a closed system?
We take in mass and energy through respiration and ingestion (first stage of digestion).
If we had a bunch of atoms moving at an optimal speed, what would be the most to least likely to form?
Molecule, cell, atom, macromolecule
Atom, molecule, macromolecule, cell
What are the two forms of matter, and in which form was matter originally created?
Energy and then mass
What are chemical bonds?
Persistent attractions between atoms or molecules that enable the formation of large structures.
What is an isolated system?
where matter cannot enter or leave
Explain the flow of energy for an ice cube melting.
Energy travels from molecules in the air to the slower moving molecules that make up the ice cube. The energy allows for more movement between the H2O molecules, so that they can flow past one another.
If the atoms ini the universe stood still, would they be able to form complex structures? Why or why not?
No, as there would be no energy from the movement of the atoms to form bonds between one another. They also would not be able to move close enough to one another ini order to bond together.
Nuclear reactions occurred in order to combine light elements to create heavier atoms (such as carbon and oxygen). Where did these nuclear reactions take place?
Why are the combinations of some atoms or molecules easier to accomplish than others?
They rely on less energy to form chemical bonds, and less matter in order to complete the molecule/macromolecule.
What is an atom?
A combination of [subatomic particles][protons, neutrons, and electrons] that are held together by their attraction through charges of the subatomic particles
Based on your understanding so far, explain a human being's relationship to matter.
A human being might be described as a bunch of simpler matter that has stuck together in particular patterns based on their properties to form a complex, organized system.
If you had a contained area filled with atoms that were being moved around by a force within the space, how could this be explained as constructive? How could it be explained as destructive? What does this tell you about the formation of complex structures?
Constructive: pushing atoms close enough to bond.
Destructive: too much force/energy can break bonds of already formed molecules.
This tells us that there is a correct range of energy needed for certain molecules to form and stay together.
What are the two light elements?
Hydrogen and helium
What makes it difficult for complex arrangements of matter to form ni the universe?
Correct compatibility between different atoms, the amount of matter available, and the proximity of matter