Energy
What unit is used to measure energy in food?
Kilojoules (kJ)
What are the two main types of carbohydrates?
Simple and complex
What condition can result from long-term overconsumption of sugar, that isn't diabetes?
Tooth Decay / Dental Carries
Name the three macronutrients.
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats
What is a common health condition caused by low fibre intake?
Diverticular Disease
Which macronutrient provides the most energy per gram?
Fat (37.7kJ/g)
Which two monosaccharides combine to form the disaccharide maltose?
glucose + glucose
What hormone is involved in the development of Type 2 Diabetes?
Insulin
Which macronutrient is the body’s preferred energy source?
Carbohydrates
What name is given to small pouches that form in the large intestine when someone develops diverticular disease?
Diverticuli
What is the formula to calculate total energy from macronutrients in food?
(Protein x 16.7) + (Carbs x 16.7) + (Fat x 37.7)
Which type of carbohydrate has the lowest GI – monosaccharide or polysaccharide?
Polysaccharide
What does the term insulin resistance mean?
The body does not respond to the action of insulin, to clear glucose from the blood stream
What’s an example of a food high in protein?
Meat, eggs, tofu, legumes (any valid example)
What type of carbohydrate helps prevent diverticular disease?
Provide a food example to support
Soluble / Insoluble Fiber
+ Food source
Define energy density.
The amount of energy (kJ) per gram of food.
What classification is given to carbohydrates with 3-10 monosaccharide units?
State a food source to go with your answer
Oligosaccharide
Onion, beans, sprouts, cabbage, lentils, legumes, garlic
How does a high-GI diet contribute to the risk of diabetes?
It causes rapid spikes in blood glucose, increasing insulin resistance.
Almonds contain protein, fiber and fat. Why are they classified as a 'fat'?
This macronutrient makes up the majority
Name the two types of fiber and for each, state one function it has in the body
Soluble
+ fullness
+ gastric emptying
+ feeds bacteria
+ binds cholesterol
+ softens stool
Insoluble
+ adds bulk to stool
Explain how total energy intake relates to weight maintenance.
AND
Provide 3 processes the body uses energy for
If intake = output, weight is maintained...
How does the structure of a carbohydrate relate to its GI value?
Simple carbs (mono/disaccharides) digest quickly → high GI; complex carbs digest slowly → low GI
Explain how tooth decay develops from carbohydrate overconsumption.
Sugar feeds bacteria in plaque → acid → enamel breakdown → decay
What did you have for dinner last night?
State which meal components were as macronutrients
Explain why constipation is considered a possible cause of diverticular disease?
State one more risk factor
Long term straining increases internal intestinal pressure which can cause intestinal wall to balloon out and form pockets
Age
Low fluid intake
sedentary lifestyle