Vocabulary
The ability to do work (or make something move).
Energy
How many millimeters are in one centimeter?
10 millimeters
Units give numbers this
Meaning
Which of Newton’s laws is also known as the law of inertia?
Newton's First Law
What causes day and night?
Earth's rotation on its axis
The energy of motion.
Kinetic energy
Convert 5 meters to centimeters.
500 centimeters.
A 5 kg ball is held 2 meters above the ground. What is its gravitational potential energy? (Use g=9.8 m/s^2)
98 Joules
A person pushes a shopping cart. The harder they push, the faster it moves. Which law is this an example of?
Newton's Second Law
What phase is the moon in when it appears fully lit from Earth?
Full moon
Type of energy that is stored.
Potential energy.
Convert 2.5 kilograms to grams.
2500 Grams
A roller coaster at the top of a hill has 500 J of potential energy. At the bottom, it has 500 J of kinetic energy. Explain why the total energy remains the same.
The total energy remains constant due to the Law of Conservation of Energy, as potential energy is converted into kinetic energy without loss (assuming no friction).
Calculate the potential energy of a hammer of mass 0.4 kg lifted to a height of 3.0 m on
the moon where the acceleration due to gravity is 1.62 m/s^2.
1.94 J
What causes the seasons on Earth?
The tilt of Earth's axis as it orbits the Sun.
A measurement of the gravitational force on an object.
Weight
How many seconds are in 2.5 hours?
9000 seconds
Calculate the potential energy of a hammer of mass 0.7 kg lifted to a height of 3.0 m on the moon where the acceleration due to gravity is 1.62 m/s^2.
3.40 Joules
What does Newton’s Third Law say about forces?
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
During which moon phase does a solar eclipse occur?
New moon.
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only transformed.
Law of Conservation of Energy
A car travels 80 kilometers in 2 hours. Convert this speed to meters per second.
11.1 m/s
Calculate the kinetic energy of a roadrunner of mass 0.330 kg traveling at a speed of 8.89 meters per second.
13.04 Joules
A 10 kg object accelerates at 2 m/s^2. What is the net force acting on it?
20 N
Why do we see different phases of the moon throughout the month?
We see different phases of the moon because of the relative positions of the Earth, Moon, and Sun. As the Moon orbits Earth, the portion of its illuminated half that we can see from Earth changes, creating the phases.